The Supreme Court of India acts as a Federal Court when it deals with inter-state disputes. In India, inter-state disputes can arise between states and involve conflicts related to territorial boundaries, water sharing, or resources. The Supreme Court has the authority to adjudicate and settle such disputes, making it act as a federal court in these cases.

While civil cases, appeals from lower courts, and election petitions can also be heard by the Supreme Court, they do not fall under its role as a federal court. These types of cases are generally handled by the Supreme Court under its jurisdiction as the highest appellate court in the country.

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