The phenomenon described in the question can be explained by the process of osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules, usually water, across a semipermeable membrane, from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. In this case, when dried raisins are put in plain water, the raisins absorb the water through osmosis. This causes the raisins to swell up, as water moves from an area of lower solute concentration (plain water) to an area of higher solute concentration (the raisins).

When the swollen raisins are put in a brine solution, which contains a higher concentration of solutes (such as salt), water molecules move out of the raisins through osmosis. This is because there is a higher concentration of solutes inside the raisins compared to the brine solution. As a result, the raisins lose water and shrink or shrivel up.

Diffusion, option 1, is the movement of molecules (both solute and solvent) from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Perfusion, option 2, refers to the process of fluid passing through or being distributed throughout a blood vessel or tissue. Fusion, option 4