Option 1: Aphelion refers to the point in the Earth`s orbit where it is farthest from the Sun. This occurs approximately around July 4th each year.

Option 2: Perihelion is the opposite of aphelion. It is the point in the Earth`s orbit where it is closest to the Sun. This occurs approximately around January 3rd each year.

Option 3: Equinox refers to the time of the year when the length of day and night is equal. There are two equinoxes in a year, the vernal equinox in March and the autumnal equinox in September.

Option 4: Sidereal refers to the measurement of time based on the position of the Earth relative to distant stars.

Based on the given options, option 1, Aphelion, is the correct answer as it describes the maximum distance between the Earth and the Sun.