Question map
Which among the following are the five principles of peaceful coexistence or Panchsheel as outlined by Jawaharlal Nehru ?
Explanation
The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, or Panchsheel, were first formally enunciated in the 1954 Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India [t1][t2]. As outlined by Jawaharlal Nehru and Premier Zhou Enlai, these principles are: (1) Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, (2) Mutual non-aggression, (3) Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, (4) Equality and mutual benefit, and (5) Peaceful co-existence [c1][c3][t5]. These tenets were designed to provide a framework for international relations based on trust and equality, serving as an alternative to Cold War power politics [t8]. They were later incorporated into the 1955 Bandung Conference declaration and became the foundational principles for the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in 1961 [c2][t3]. Option 2 accurately lists all five specific principles as defined in the original 1954 treaty preamble and subsequent joint statements [t1][t7].
Sources
- [1] https://www.mea.gov.in/uploads/publicationdocs/191_panchsheel.pdf
- [2] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 15: The World after World War II > First Non-Aligned Conference, Belgrade > p. 251
- [3] History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 8: Reconstruction of Post-colonial India > Panch Sheel (five virtues) > p. 110
- [4] Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 36: The Evolution of Nationalist Foreign Policy > p. 625