The correct answer is option 4, the Montreal Protocol. The Montreal Protocol is an international environmental treaty that was signed in 1987. It was specifically designed to address the issue of control and phase out the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODS).
Ozone-depleting substances are chemicals that contain ozone-depleting chlorine and bromine atoms. These substances were commonly used in various industries such as refrigeration, air conditioning, and aerosol sprays. However, it was discovered that these substances were causing significant damage to the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
The Montreal Protocol aimed to reduce and eventually eliminate the production and consumption of ODS globally. It set out a schedule for the phasing out of specific substances and established regulations and guidelines for their replacement with safer alternatives.
The Protocol has been successful in achieving its goals, with many countries implementing measures to reduce the use of ODS. It has been amended several times to strengthen its provisions and expand its scope. The Montreal Protocol is considered a landmark international agreement in environmental conservation and the protection of the ozone layer.
Therefore, it is clear that the control and phase out of the use of ozone-depleting substances is associated with the Montreal Protocol.