The system of judicial review was originated in the United States (option 3). Judicial review refers to the power of courts to review and potentially invalidate laws or government actions that are deemed unconstitutional. This power allows the judiciary to act as a check on the legislative and executive branches of government. While options 1, 2, and 4 (France, Germany, and Britain) have systems of judicial review, they were not the countries where the concept originated. The origins of judicial review are traced back to the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison in 1803. Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle that the Supreme Court has the authority to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional. This decision solidified the role of the judiciary as interpreters of the Constitution and guardians of constitutional rights.