Which of the following features is,are contrary to the norms of a federal polity? 1. Common All India Service 2. Single integrated judiciary Select the correct answer using the code given below : Code :

In a traditional federal polity, such as the United States, there is typically a dual system of courts and separate administrative services for the federal and state governments to ensure state autonomy [3]. However, the Indian Constitution incorporates several unitary or non-federal features that deviate from these norms. Common All India Services (AIS) are considered contrary to federal norms because members are recruited and trained by the Centre but serve in the states, giving the central government significant control over state administration [2]. Similarly, a single integrated judiciary is a unitary feature where a single hierarchy of courts (with the Supreme Court at the apex) administers both Union and State laws, unlike the dual court system found in classic federations [4]. Both features centralize power and are thus classified as unitary characteristics that contrast with strict federal principles [3].

Sources

1. [1] Introduction to the Constitution of India, D. D. Basu (26th ed.). > Chapter 21: ORGANISATION OF THE JUDICIARY IN GENERAL > No Federal Distribution of Judicial Powers. > p. 335
2. [3] Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > 4. Federal System with Unitary Bias > p. 29
3. [2] Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 4: Salient Features of the Constitution > 4. Federal System with Unitary Bias > p. 29
4. [4] Indian Constitution at Work, Political Science Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: JUDICIARY > STRUCTURE OF THE JUDICIARY > p. 130