In which one of the following countries is intensive subsistence agriculture not predominantly practiced?

Intensive subsistence agriculture is characterized by high labor input on small land holdings to support dense populations, primarily in monsoon Asia [2]. This farming system is predominantly found in countries like India, China, Japan, and Southeast Asian nations such as Indonesia [1]. In these regions, wet paddy cultivation is often the dominant form, utilizing manual labor and traditional methods to maximize yields for local consumption [2]. Conversely, Canada is a developed country where agriculture is primarily commercial and extensive rather than subsistence-based. Canadian farming relies on large-scale mechanization, advanced technology, and capital-intensive practices aimed at global markets and profit rather than immediate family survival [1]. Therefore, while India, Japan, and Indonesia are classic examples of intensive subsistence regions, Canada represents the commercial mechanized model typical of North America.

Sources

1. [1] Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 10: Locational Factors of Economic Activities > intensive Subsistence agriculture > p. 13
2. [2] FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 4: Primary Activities > Intensive Subsistence Agriculture > p. 27