The correct answer is option 4, Survey of India (S.O.I.). The Survey of India is responsible for publishing topographical sheets. Topographical sheets provide detailed information about the physical features and terrain of a specific area. They include information such as elevation, contours, water bodies, roads, and landmarks. These sheets are essential for activities like cartography, urban planning, infrastructure development, and military operations. The Geological Survey of India (G.S.I.) primarily focuses on geological mapping and research. The National Atlas & Thematic Mapping Organisation (N.A.T.M.O.) is responsible for creating thematic maps and atlases. The Indian Meteorological Department (I.M.D.) focuses on weather forecasting and meteorological research. Therefore, option 4, Survey of India, is the correct organization responsible for publishing topographical sheets.