The correct answer is option 4, O. Schmidt. Otto Schmidt was a Soviet scientist who proposed the theory that the earth`s origin came from a cloud of gas and dust particles. This theory, the Solar Nebular Disk Model (SNDM), suggests that the earth and other celestial bodies formed through the gravitational collapse of the solar nebula`s disk-shape matter.
The other options here:
Option 1, James Jeans, was a British physicist and mathematician who proposed the Tidal Theory. It states that the solar system was formed from the material drawn out of the sun due to the gravitational field of a passing star.
Option 2, H. Alfven, proposed the Plasma Cosmology theory, which counters the Big Bang model, but doesn`t specifically focus on the origin of the earth.
Option 3, F. Hoyle, is known for his steady-state theory of the universe, which suggests the universe has no beginning or end and is self-reproducing. It doesn`t specifically address the Earth`s origin.