The father of the Indian Renaissance is generally considered to be Raj a Rammohan Roy. Option 1, Rabindranath Tagore, is a renowned poet, writer, and philosopher who played a significant role in the Indian cultural renaissance, but he is not considered the father of the Indian Renaissance. Option 3, Mahatma Phule, was a social reformer who fought against caste discrimination and worked for women`s rights and education, but he is not credited with initiating the Indian Renaissance. Option 4, M.G. Ranade, was a social reformer and one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress, but he is not considered the father of the Indian Renaissance. Therefore, the correct answer is option 2, Raja Rammohan Roy, who was a prominent social reformer, writer, and advocate for women`s rights, education, and religious reform in the early 19th century.