Why are governments of various countries finding it difficult so far to agree on the ways and means to limit the greenhouse gas emission ? 1. They fear that measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will have negative effects on their economy. 2. The developing nations regard mandatory limits on their emissions as attempts by the richer countries to hobble their progress. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Governments struggle to agree on greenhouse gas (GHG) limits due to economic and developmental concerns. Firstly, nations fear that mandatory emission reductions will negatively impact their economic growth, as historical data shows a strong link between economic activity and emissions [t7]. Developed countries, like the U.S., have previously rejected agreements like the Kyoto Protocol, citing potential economic unfairness if large developing nations are not included [t3]. Secondly, developing nations view mandatory limits as attempts by richer countries to 'hobble' their progress [t2]. They argue that their per capita emissions are significantly lower than those of developed nations and that they require energy growth to achieve poverty eradication and sustainable development [c1][t6]. This North-South stalemate is rooted in the principle of 'Common but Differentiated Responsibilities' (CBDR), where developing countries insist that the historical responsibility for emissions lies with industrialized nations [c1][t5].

Sources

1. [1] Contemporary World Politics, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 6: Environment and Natural Resources > SACRED GROVES IN INDIA > p. 89