Question map
Which of the following is/are famous for Sun temples ? 1. Arasavalli 2. Amarakantak 3. Omkareshwar Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Explanation
The correct answer is option A (1 only).
Arasavalli is famous for its Sun Temple, located in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India.[1] The Arasavalli Sun Temple is dedicated to Lord Surya and was built in the 7th century CE.[2]
In contrast, Amarkantak is known for its religious significance as the origin of the Narmada River and as a revered pilgrimage site in Hinduism[3], not for a Sun temple. Omkareshwar Temple is a Hindu temple in Mandhata, Madhya Pradesh, dedicated to Lord Shiva, one of the 12 Jyotirlinga shrines[4], making it a Shiva temple rather than a Sun temple.
Therefore, among the three places listed, only Arasavalli is famous for a Sun temple, making option A the correct answer.
Sources- [2] https://temple.yatradham.org/temple/arasavalli-sun-temple
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full viewThis question is a classic 'Bouncer disguised as a Sitter'. While Arasavalli (Statement 1) is obscure regional GK, Omkareshwar (Statement 3) is a Tier-1 cultural fact (Jyotirlinga/Shiva). The strategy is not to know the obscure, but to confidently eliminate the famous mismatch.
This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.
- Explicitly states that Arasavalli is famous for its Sun Temple.
- Names the temple and gives its district and state location (Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh).
- Directly identifies the Arasavalli Sun Temple and its dedication to Lord Surya.
- Specifies the temple's location as Arasavalli Village, Andhra Pradesh and gives a historical date (7th century CE).
- Lists 'Suyanarayan Temple (Arasavalli Sun Temple)' and states it is located in Arasavalli, Andhra Pradesh.
- Notes the temple is dedicated to Lord Surya, corroborating the identification as a Sun temple.
Shows that small villages (e.g., Pattadakal) are noted in textbooks specifically for being 'famous for' particular temples.
A student could check whether Arasavalli appears similarly in regional or national lists/maps of famous temple sites to assess if it is described the same way.
Gives an example of a named, well-known temple complex (Shore Temple at Mamallapuram) tied to a specific deity, illustrating the pattern that temple sites are described by dedication and fame in textbooks.
Use this pattern to look for references to Arasavalli being described by its dedication (Sun) in travel guides or gazetteers.
Textbooks list and single out 'the most famous among these temples' showing curricular practice of naming prominent temple sites.
Search comparable textbook or gazetteer entries for Arasavalli to see if it is similarly singled out as famous for a temple.
Shows that groups of cave/temple sites (Ellora/Ajanta) are treated as regionally famous monuments, suggesting scholars and guides commonly record notable temple sites by location.
Check regional monument registers or maps for Arasavalli to determine whether it is recorded as a notable temple site.
Mentions a named Sun-related scientific site (Kodaikanal Solar Observatory), indicating India has well-known places associated with the Sun, so a 'Sun temple' could similarly be a recognized Sun-related landmark.
Combine this with a geographic map or tourism sources to see if Arasavalli is known locally or nationally for a Sun-related temple.
- Directly contrasts Arasavalli (famous for a Sun temple) with Amarkantak, saying Amarkantak is known for the origin of the Narmada and as a pilgrimage site.
- Implies Amarkantak's primary religious identity is linked to the Narmada River rather than a Sun temple.
- Lists the notable temples in Amarkantak as 'Narmada Kund Temples', indicating the prominent temple association is with Narmada-related shrines.
- No mention of a Sun temple in Amarkantak; instead the passage specifies other temple types located there.
Shows a pattern that Indian places are often 'famous for' particular temples and that Surya (Sun) sculptures/deities occur among the canonical temple subjects.
A student could use this pattern to check whether Amarakantak is similarly identified on maps or gazetteers as known for a Surya/Sun shrine.
Gives an example (Pattadakal) of a locality being famous specifically for its temple complex, illustrating the common linkage between place-name fame and temple monuments.
Compare listings of 'famous temples by locality' (guidebooks, district histories) to see if Amarakantak appears under 'Sun temple'.
Describes how a particular structural/shrine dedication (Siva, Vishnu) defines a site's fame β supporting the practice of identifying places by the primary deity of a notable temple.
Use this rule to search temple catalogs or regional religious tourism sources for Amarakantakβs principal temple deity (to look for Surya association).
Notes that specific temples (named) are singled out as 'most famous' for a region, indicating one should look for a named 'Sun temple' in Amarakantak if the place is famous for it.
Check authoritative lists of 'most famous' temples in the Amarakantak district or state-level heritage lists to confirm presence/absence of a Sun temple.
Mentions solar-focused scientific sites in India (solar observatory) β indicates India has named sites associated with the Sun beyond mythology/religion, so 'famous for Sun-related site' could be secular or religious.
Broaden a search beyond temple lists to include any Sun-related landmarks at Amarakantak (observatories, festivals) to test the statement.
- Explicitly identifies Omkareshwar Temple as a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva.
- States it is one of the 12 Jyotirlinga shrines, which ties Omkareshwar to Shiva worship rather than a Sun (Surya) temple.
- Repeats that Omkareshwar is a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and a Jyotirlinga.
- By identifying its primary deity as Shiva, the passage does not associate Omkareshwar with a Sun (Surya) temple.
Textbooks enumerate 'famous' temples (e.g., the Shore Temple) and explicitly note the primary deity of each (Siva, Vishnu).
A student could check whether Omkareshwar appears in such lists and, if so, whether the listed primary deity is Surya (Sun).
Authors single out particular temples as 'the most famous' examples of temple architecture (Vittala, Virupaksha, Hazara).
Use this pattern to see if Omkareshwar is similarly singled out in reference lists of famous templesβif absent, it's less likely to be widely known as a Sun temple.
The snippet gives a typology of structural temples and lists notable rock-cut/structural groups (Ajanta, Ellora, Udayagiri), showing textbooks highlight regionally famous temple sites.
Compare Omkareshwar's regional location (Madhya Pradesh) with the regions where famous Sun temples (e.g., Konark in Odisha, Modhera in Gujarat) are typically noted to judge plausibility.
Discussion of temple complexes (Vitthala) and shrine functions shows textbooks emphasize distinctive architectural features (chariot shrine) tied to specific deities or cults.
A student could look for distinctive architectural features associated with Sun temples (e.g., orientation, iconography) at Omkareshwar to test whether it is a Sun temple.
Textbooks treat groups of caves/temples as famous for particular religious associations and sculptures, implying curricular focus on well-known sites.
If Omkareshwar were a famous Sun-temple site, similar curricular or survey sources would likely mention it alongside other famous temple groupsβits omission would be telling.
- [THE VERDICT]: Sitter (via Elimination). While Arasavalli is tough, Omkareshwar is standard NCERT/CCRT knowledge.
- [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Major Pilgrimage Circuits: The 12 Jyotirlingas (Shiva) vs. The Major Sun Temples (Surya).
- [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Big 5' Sun Temples: Konark (Odisha), Modhera (Gujarat), Martand (Kashmir), Katarmal (Uttarakhand), and Arasavalli (Andhra Pradesh).
- [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Never panic at Option 1. Look at Option 3. If Omkareshwar is globally famous for Shiva, it cannot be 'famous for Sun temples' in the context of a single-choice MCQ. Eliminate 3 -> Answer derived.
The statement concerns a named temple site; several references identify well-known South Indian temple locations and the deities to which they are dedicated.
High-yield for UPSC history/art questions: knowing which sites are famous and their principal deities helps verify claims about specific temples and distinguish Sun temples from Siva/Vishnu shrines. This links to questions on cultural geography, temple patronage and religious practices; learn by mapping major sites and deity associations.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms > 12.6 Art and Architecture > p. 186
- THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century) > p. 188
References repeatedly describe architectural forms (shore/structural temples, cave/rock-cut temples, monolithic rathas, and chariot-shaped shrines) which are key to identifying and classifying temple monuments.
Useful for art & architecture questions in UPSC: recognizing architectural types helps classify a given temple claim (e.g., Sun temple vs. shore/rock-cut temple), and aids comparative questions on patronage and era. Master by studying representative examples and characteristic features.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram Ellora > p. 132
- THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century) > p. 188
Several references identify specific temple sites and the deities to whom they are dedicated (e.g., Shore Temple β Siva/Vishnu; Pandyas' temple sculptures include Surya). This is directly relevant to judging whether a place is known for a Sun (Surya) temple.
High-yield for UPSC because many questions require matching places with deities or identifying sites by their principal deity. Connects cultural geography with medieval history and temple studies; useful for both static GK and polity/culture mains answers. Practice by creating lists mapping major sites to deities and noting regional patterns.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 11: Later Cholas and Pandyas > Temples > p. 171
The references describe temple forms β rock-cut, structural temples, monolithic rathas β which help distinguish the kinds of monuments found at particular sites and their historic contexts.
Understanding architectural categories is vital for answering questions that ask you to identify or classify monuments, or to infer period/ patronage from form. It links art/architecture topics across ancient and medieval history and aids elimination in MCQs. Learn by comparing exemplar sites and their architectural types.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Aihole (Ayyavole) > p. 120
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram Ellora > p. 132
References note how dynasties (Pandyas, Vijayanagara rulers) patronised temples and associated them with particular cults or architectural programs β a key factor in why sites become famous for certain temples.
Crucial for UPSC as many questions probe the role of rulers in temple-building, regional religious trends, and cultural synthesis. Mastering this helps answer mains questions on state-religion relations and sources-based questions in history. Build timelines linking dynasties to major temple projects.
- THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century) > p. 188
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 11: Later Cholas and Pandyas > Temples > p. 171
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms > 12.6 Art and Architecture > p. 186
Several references identify the principal deities of famous temples (e.g., shrines dedicated to Siva and Vishnu; worship of Shiva and Vishnu under dynasties).
High-yield for UPSC: many questions ask which deity a given temple is dedicated to or link temples to religious traditions. Mastering how sources state temple dedications helps correctly attribute temples to Shaiva or Vaishnava traditions and supports elimination in multiple-choice and matching questions.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 8: Harsha and Rise of Regional Kingdoms > Religion > p. 114
- THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century) > p. 188
References describe rock-cut caves (Ajanta, Ellora) and structural temples (Shore Temple) as distinct categories with characteristic features.
Understanding architectural categories is useful for dating and locating temples, and for answering questions on temple form, patronage, and regional styles. It enables pattern recognition (e.g., rock-cut = cave complexes; structural = vimana/shikara forms) useful in both mains and prelims.
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Rock-cut and Structural Temples > p. 98
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram Ellora > p. 132
- History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II. Elora - Ajanta and Mamallapuram > p. 127
Martand Sun Temple (Kashmir, built by Lalitaditya Muktapida of Karkota dynasty). It is the logical sibling to Arasavalli in the 'Rare Sun Temples' list and often appears in news regarding restoration.
The 'Primary Identity' Filter. Omkareshwar is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas. In Indian culture, this is an exclusive tag. If a place holds a 'Top 12' rank for Shiva, it is statistically impossible for UPSC to classify it as 'Famous for Sun' without it being a trick. Trust the primary identity.
Geography-Culture Link: Amarakantak is a 'Radial Drainage' peak (Maikal Hills) giving rise to Narmada and Son. In Indian culture, river sources (Udgam) are almost always treated as Shiva/Shakti sites, not typically Sun sites.