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Q75 (IAS/2017) History & Culture β€Ί Art & Architecture β€Ί Temple architecture styles Official Key

Which of the following is/are famous for Sun temples ? 1. Arasavalli 2. Amarakantak 3. Omkareshwar Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Result
Your answer: β€”  Β·  Correct: A
Explanation

The correct answer is option A (1 only).

Arasavalli is famous for its Sun Temple, located in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India.[1] The Arasavalli Sun Temple is dedicated to Lord Surya and was built in the 7th century CE.[2]

In contrast, Amarkantak is known for its religious significance as the origin of the Narmada River and as a revered pilgrimage site in Hinduism[3], not for a Sun temple. Omkareshwar Temple is a Hindu temple in Mandhata, Madhya Pradesh, dedicated to Lord Shiva, one of the 12 Jyotirlinga shrines[4], making it a Shiva temple rather than a Sun temple.

Therefore, among the three places listed, only Arasavalli is famous for a Sun temple, making option A the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [2] https://temple.yatradham.org/temple/arasavalli-sun-temple
How others answered
Each bar shows the % of students who chose that option. Green bar = correct answer, blue outline = your choice.
Community Performance
Out of everyone who attempted this question.
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got it right
PROVENANCE & STUDY PATTERN
Full view
Don’t just practise – reverse-engineer the question. This panel shows where this PYQ came from (books / web), how the examiner broke it into hidden statements, and which nearby micro-concepts you were supposed to learn from it. Treat it like an autopsy of the question: what might have triggered it, which exact lines in the book matter, and what linked ideas you should carry forward to future questions.
Q. Which of the following is/are famous for Sun temples ? 1. Arasavalli 2. Amarakantak 3. Omkareshwar Select the correct answer using th…
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 Β· 10/10

This question is a classic 'Bouncer disguised as a Sitter'. While Arasavalli (Statement 1) is obscure regional GK, Omkareshwar (Statement 3) is a Tier-1 cultural fact (Jyotirlinga/Shiva). The strategy is not to know the obscure, but to confidently eliminate the famous mismatch.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is Arasavalli (India) famous for a Sun temple (Arasavalli Sun Temple)?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Among the options provided, Arasavalli is famous for its Sun Temple. Arasavalli Sun Temple is located in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh, India."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly states that Arasavalli is famous for its Sun Temple.
  • Names the temple and gives its district and state location (Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh).
Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Arasavalli Sun Temple is dedicated to Lord Surya and is located in Arasavalli Village, Andhra Pradesh. It was built in the 7th century CE."
Why this source?
  • Directly identifies the Arasavalli Sun Temple and its dedication to Lord Surya.
  • Specifies the temple's location as Arasavalli Village, Andhra Pradesh and gives a historical date (7th century CE).
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Suyanarayan Temple (Arasavalli Sun Temple): - Located in Arasavalli, Andhra Pradesh. - Dedicated to Lord Surya, the solar deity."
Why this source?
  • Lists 'Suyanarayan Temple (Arasavalli Sun Temple)' and states it is located in Arasavalli, Andhra Pradesh.
  • Notes the temple is dedicated to Lord Surya, corroborating the identification as a Sun temple.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Pattadakal > p. 121
Strength: 5/5
β€œPattadakal, a quiet village in Bagalkot district of Karnataka, is famous for its exquisite temples. Pattadakal was a centre for performing royal rituals. The Virupaksha temple was built at the order of queen Lohamahadevi to commemorate the conquest of Kanchipuram by her husband Vikramaditya II. The unique feature of the structural temple built by Rajasimha at Mamallapuram was adopted here by the Chalukyas. Monuments are generally associated with the rulers who built them. The title Tribhuvacharya (maker of the three worlds). Several reliefs on the temple walls bear signatures of the sculptors who carved them. At the south-eastern corner of the village is the Papanatha temple.”
Why relevant

Shows that small villages (e.g., Pattadakal) are noted in textbooks specifically for being 'famous for' particular temples.

How to extend

A student could check whether Arasavalli appears similarly in regional or national lists/maps of famous temple sites to assess if it is described the same way.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
Strength: 4/5
β€œThe iconic Shore Temple of Pallavas at Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) was constructed during the reign of Rajasimha (CE 700-728). The temple comprises three shrines, where the prominent ones are dedicated to Siva and Vishnu. The exterior wall of the shrine, dedicated to Vishnu, and the interior of the boundary wall are elaborately carved and sculpted. In southern India, this is one amongst the earliest and most important structural temples. The monolithic rathas are known as the Panchapandava Rathas. The Arjuna Ratha contains artistically carved sculptures of Siva, Vishnu, mithuna and dwarapala. The most exquisite of the five is the Dharmaraja Ratha, with a three-storied vimana and a square base.”
Why relevant

Gives an example of a named, well-known temple complex (Shore Temple at Mamallapuram) tied to a specific deity, illustrating the pattern that temple sites are described by dedication and fame in textbooks.

How to extend

Use this pattern to look for references to Arasavalli being described by its dedication (Sun) in travel guides or gazetteers.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms > 12.6 Art and Architecture > p. 186
Strength: 4/5
β€œThe most famous among these temples are the Vittalaswamy temple and Virupaksha temples. The famous Hazara temple, built during the reign of Krishnadeva Raya, is, as remarked by Longhurst, "one of the most perfect specimens of Hindu temple architecture in 186 Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms”
Why relevant

Textbooks list and single out 'the most famous among these temples' showing curricular practice of naming prominent temple sites.

How to extend

Search comparable textbook or gazetteer entries for Arasavalli to see if it is similarly singled out as famous for a temple.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram Ellora > p. 132
Strength: 4/5
β€œII Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram (Ellora) β€’ M. Ellora caves are famous for sculptures representing all religious sects: Ajivika, Jainism, Buddhism and Brahmanism.β€’ Kailasanatha cave temple features panels with scenes of puranas and legends.”
Why relevant

Shows that groups of cave/temple sites (Ellora/Ajanta) are treated as regionally famous monuments, suggesting scholars and guides commonly record notable temple sites by location.

How to extend

Check regional monument registers or maps for Arasavalli to determine whether it is recorded as a notable temple site.

Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 12: Earth, Moon, and the Sun > FASCINATING FACTS > p. 183
Strength: 2/5
β€œThe Kodaikanal Solar Observatory is located in the beautiful Palani range of hills in southern India. It was established in 1899 and has provided data about the Sun for over 100 years. It is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru.”
Why relevant

Mentions a named Sun-related scientific site (Kodaikanal Solar Observatory), indicating India has well-known places associated with the Sun, so a 'Sun temple' could similarly be a recognized Sun-related landmark.

How to extend

Combine this with a geographic map or tourism sources to see if Arasavalli is known locally or nationally for a Sun-related temple.

Statement 2
Is Amarakantak (India) famous for a Sun temple?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 5/5
"Amarkantak, on the other hand, is known for its religious significance as the origin of the Narmada River and as a revered pilgrimage site in Hinduism."
Why this source?
  • Directly contrasts Arasavalli (famous for a Sun temple) with Amarkantak, saying Amarkantak is known for the origin of the Narmada and as a pilgrimage site.
  • Implies Amarkantak's primary religious identity is linked to the Narmada River rather than a Sun temple.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Narmada Kund Temples: - Located in Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh."
Why this source?
  • Lists the notable temples in Amarkantak as 'Narmada Kund Temples', indicating the prominent temple association is with Narmada-related shrines.
  • No mention of a Sun temple in Amarkantak; instead the passage specifies other temple types located there.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 11: Later Cholas and Pandyas > Temples > p. 171
Strength: 4/5
β€œPandyas built different models of temples. They are sepulchral temple (e.g. sundarapandisvaram), rock-cut cave temples and structural temples. Medieval Pandyas and later Pandyas did not build any new temples but maintained the existing temples, enlarging them with the addition of gopuras, mandapas and circumbulations. The monolithic mega-sized ornamented pillars are the unique feature of the medieval Pandya style. The early Pandya temples are modest and simple. These temples of the Pandya country, the sculptures of Siva, Vishnu, Kotravai, Ganesa, Subramanya, Surya and Brahma are best specimens. The Pandyas specially patronised Meenakshi temple and kept expanding its premises by adding gopuras and mandapas.”
Why relevant

Shows a pattern that Indian places are often 'famous for' particular temples and that Surya (Sun) sculptures/deities occur among the canonical temple subjects.

How to extend

A student could use this pattern to check whether Amarakantak is similarly identified on maps or gazetteers as known for a Surya/Sun shrine.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Pattadakal > p. 121
Strength: 3/5
β€œPattadakal, a quiet village in Bagalkot district of Karnataka, is famous for its exquisite temples. Pattadakal was a centre for performing royal rituals. The Virupaksha temple was built at the order of queen Lohamahadevi to commemorate the conquest of Kanchipuram by her husband Vikramaditya II. The unique feature of the structural temple built by Rajasimha at Mamallapuram was adopted here by the Chalukyas. Monuments are generally associated with the rulers who built them. The title Tribhuvacharya (maker of the three worlds). Several reliefs on the temple walls bear signatures of the sculptors who carved them. At the south-eastern corner of the village is the Papanatha temple.”
Why relevant

Gives an example (Pattadakal) of a locality being famous specifically for its temple complex, illustrating the common linkage between place-name fame and temple monuments.

How to extend

Compare listings of 'famous temples by locality' (guidebooks, district histories) to see if Amarakantak appears under 'Sun temple'.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
Strength: 3/5
β€œThe iconic Shore Temple of Pallavas at Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) was constructed during the reign of Rajasimha (CE 700-728). The temple comprises three shrines, where the prominent ones are dedicated to Siva and Vishnu. The exterior wall of the shrine, dedicated to Vishnu, and the interior of the boundary wall are elaborately carved and sculpted. In southern India, this is one amongst the earliest and most important structural temples. The monolithic rathas are known as the Panchapandava Rathas. The Arjuna Ratha contains artistically carved sculptures of Siva, Vishnu, mithuna and dwarapala. The most exquisite of the five is the Dharmaraja Ratha, with a three-storied vimana and a square base.”
Why relevant

Describes how a particular structural/shrine dedication (Siva, Vishnu) defines a site's fame β€” supporting the practice of identifying places by the primary deity of a notable temple.

How to extend

Use this rule to search temple catalogs or regional religious tourism sources for Amarakantak’s principal temple deity (to look for Surya association).

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms > 12.6 Art and Architecture > p. 186
Strength: 2/5
β€œThe most famous among these temples are the Vittalaswamy temple and Virupaksha temples. The famous Hazara temple, built during the reign of Krishnadeva Raya, is, as remarked by Longhurst, "one of the most perfect specimens of Hindu temple architecture in 186 Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms”
Why relevant

Notes that specific temples (named) are singled out as 'most famous' for a region, indicating one should look for a named 'Sun temple' in Amarakantak if the place is famous for it.

How to extend

Check authoritative lists of 'most famous' temples in the Amarakantak district or state-level heritage lists to confirm presence/absence of a Sun temple.

Science-Class VII . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 12: Earth, Moon, and the Sun > FASCINATING FACTS > p. 183
Strength: 2/5
β€œThe Kodaikanal Solar Observatory is located in the beautiful Palani range of hills in southern India. It was established in 1899 and has provided data about the Sun for over 100 years. It is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bengaluru.”
Why relevant

Mentions solar-focused scientific sites in India (solar observatory) β€” indicates India has named sites associated with the Sun beyond mythology/religion, so 'famous for Sun-related site' could be secular or religious.

How to extend

Broaden a search beyond temple lists to include any Sun-related landmarks at Amarakantak (observatories, festivals) to test the statement.

Statement 3
Is Omkareshwar (India) famous for a Sun temple?
Origin: Web / Current Affairs Fairness: CA heavy Web-answerable

Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Omkareshwar Temple: - Hindu temple in Mandhata, Madhya Pradesh. - Dedicated to Lord Shiva, one of the 12 Jyotirlinga shrines. - Located near Khandwa city."
Why this source?
  • Explicitly identifies Omkareshwar Temple as a Hindu temple dedicated to Lord Shiva.
  • States it is one of the 12 Jyotirlinga shrines, which ties Omkareshwar to Shiva worship rather than a Sun (Surya) temple.
Web source
Presence: 4/5
"Omkareshwar Temple: - Hindu temple in Mandhata, Madhya Pradesh. - Dedicated to Lord Shiva, one of the 12 Jyotirlinga shrines."
Why this source?
  • Repeats that Omkareshwar is a temple dedicated to Lord Shiva and a Jyotirlinga.
  • By identifying its primary deity as Shiva, the passage does not associate Omkareshwar with a Sun (Surya) temple.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
Strength: 5/5
β€œThe iconic Shore Temple of Pallavas at Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram) was constructed during the reign of Rajasimha (CE 700-728). The temple comprises three shrines, where the prominent ones are dedicated to Siva and Vishnu. The exterior wall of the shrine, dedicated to Vishnu, and the interior of the boundary wall are elaborately carved and sculpted. In southern India, this is one amongst the earliest and most important structural temples. The monolithic rathas are known as the Panchapandava Rathas. The Arjuna Ratha contains artistically carved sculptures of Siva, Vishnu, mithuna and dwarapala. The most exquisite of the five is the Dharmaraja Ratha, with a three-storied vimana and a square base.”
Why relevant

Textbooks enumerate 'famous' temples (e.g., the Shore Temple) and explicitly note the primary deity of each (Siva, Vishnu).

How to extend

A student could check whether Omkareshwar appears in such lists and, if so, whether the listed primary deity is Surya (Sun).

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms > 12.6 Art and Architecture > p. 186
Strength: 4/5
β€œThe most famous among these temples are the Vittalaswamy temple and Virupaksha temples. The famous Hazara temple, built during the reign of Krishnadeva Raya, is, as remarked by Longhurst, "one of the most perfect specimens of Hindu temple architecture in 186 Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms”
Why relevant

Authors single out particular temples as 'the most famous' examples of temple architecture (Vittala, Virupaksha, Hazara).

How to extend

Use this pattern to see if Omkareshwar is similarly singled out in reference lists of famous templesβ€”if absent, it's less likely to be widely known as a Sun temple.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Rock-cut and Structural Temples > p. 98
Strength: 3/5
β€œThe rock-cut caves continue the old forms to a great extent but possess striking novelty by bringing about extensive changes in the ornamentation of the facade and in the designs of the pillars in the interior. The most notable groups of the rock-cut caves are found at Ajanta and Ellora (Maharashtra) and Bagh (Madhya Pradesh). The Udayagiri caves (Odisha) are also of this type. The structural temples have the following attributes: (1) flat-roofed square temples; (2) flat-roofed square temple with a vimana (second storey); (3) square temple with a curvilinear tower (shikara) above; (4) rectangular temple; and (5) circular temple.”
Why relevant

The snippet gives a typology of structural temples and lists notable rock-cut/structural groups (Ajanta, Ellora, Udayagiri), showing textbooks highlight regionally famous temple sites.

How to extend

Compare Omkareshwar's regional location (Madhya Pradesh) with the regions where famous Sun temples (e.g., Konark in Odisha, Modhera in Gujarat) are typically noted to judge plausibility.

THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century) > p. 188
Strength: 3/5
β€œAnother shrine, the Vitthala temple, is also interesting. Here, the principal deity was Vitthala, a form of Vishnu generally worshipped in Maharashtra. The introduction of the worship of the deity in Karnataka is another indication of the ways in which the rulers of Vijayanagara drew on different traditions to create an imperial culture. As in the case of other temples, this temple too has several halls and a unique shrine designed as a chariot (Fig. 7.24). A characteristic feature of the temple complexes is the chariot streets that extended from the temple gopuram in a straight line. These streets were paved with stone slabs and lined with pillared pavilions in which merchants set up their shops.”
Why relevant

Discussion of temple complexes (Vitthala) and shrine functions shows textbooks emphasize distinctive architectural features (chariot shrine) tied to specific deities or cults.

How to extend

A student could look for distinctive architectural features associated with Sun temples (e.g., orientation, iconography) at Omkareshwar to test whether it is a Sun temple.

History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram Ellora > p. 132
Strength: 2/5
β€œII Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram (Ellora) β€’ M. Ellora caves are famous for sculptures representing all religious sects: Ajivika, Jainism, Buddhism and Brahmanism.β€’ Kailasanatha cave temple features panels with scenes of puranas and legends.”
Why relevant

Textbooks treat groups of caves/temples as famous for particular religious associations and sculptures, implying curricular focus on well-known sites.

How to extend

If Omkareshwar were a famous Sun-temple site, similar curricular or survey sources would likely mention it alongside other famous temple groupsβ€”its omission would be telling.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC tests 'Fame' as a primary attribute. If a site is the 'Headquarters' of one deity (e.g., Omkareshwar = Shiva), statements attributing it to another are usually false traps. You don't need to know what is right; you just need to know what is definitely wrong.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Sitter (via Elimination). While Arasavalli is tough, Omkareshwar is standard NCERT/CCRT knowledge.
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: Major Pilgrimage Circuits: The 12 Jyotirlingas (Shiva) vs. The Major Sun Temples (Surya).
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize the 'Big 5' Sun Temples: Konark (Odisha), Modhera (Gujarat), Martand (Kashmir), Katarmal (Uttarakhand), and Arasavalli (Andhra Pradesh).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: Never panic at Option 1. Look at Option 3. If Omkareshwar is globally famous for Shiva, it cannot be 'famous for Sun temples' in the context of a single-choice MCQ. Eliminate 3 -> Answer derived.
Concept hooks from this question
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Famous South Indian temple sites and primary deities
πŸ’‘ The insight

The statement concerns a named temple site; several references identify well-known South Indian temple locations and the deities to which they are dedicated.

High-yield for UPSC history/art questions: knowing which sites are famous and their principal deities helps verify claims about specific temples and distinguish Sun temples from Siva/Vishnu shrines. This links to questions on cultural geography, temple patronage and religious practices; learn by mapping major sites and deity associations.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms > 12.6 Art and Architecture > p. 186
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century) > p. 188
πŸ”— Anchor: "Is Arasavalli (India) famous for a Sun temple (Arasavalli Sun Temple)?"
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S1
πŸ‘‰ Types of temple architecture: structural, rock-cut, monolithic and chariot-form shrines
πŸ’‘ The insight

References repeatedly describe architectural forms (shore/structural temples, cave/rock-cut temples, monolithic rathas, and chariot-shaped shrines) which are key to identifying and classifying temple monuments.

Useful for art & architecture questions in UPSC: recognizing architectural types helps classify a given temple claim (e.g., Sun temple vs. shore/rock-cut temple), and aids comparative questions on patronage and era. Master by studying representative examples and characteristic features.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram Ellora > p. 132
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century) > p. 188
πŸ”— Anchor: "Is Arasavalli (India) famous for a Sun temple (Arasavalli Sun Temple)?"
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Famous temple sites and principal deities
πŸ’‘ The insight

Several references identify specific temple sites and the deities to whom they are dedicated (e.g., Shore Temple β€” Siva/Vishnu; Pandyas' temple sculptures include Surya). This is directly relevant to judging whether a place is known for a Sun (Surya) temple.

High-yield for UPSC because many questions require matching places with deities or identifying sites by their principal deity. Connects cultural geography with medieval history and temple studies; useful for both static GK and polity/culture mains answers. Practice by creating lists mapping major sites to deities and noting regional patterns.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 11: Later Cholas and Pandyas > Temples > p. 171
πŸ”— Anchor: "Is Amarakantak (India) famous for a Sun temple?"
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Types of temple architecture (rock-cut, structural, monolithic)
πŸ’‘ The insight

The references describe temple forms β€” rock-cut, structural temples, monolithic rathas β€” which help distinguish the kinds of monuments found at particular sites and their historic contexts.

Understanding architectural categories is vital for answering questions that ask you to identify or classify monuments, or to infer period/ patronage from form. It links art/architecture topics across ancient and medieval history and aids elimination in MCQs. Learn by comparing exemplar sites and their architectural types.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > Aihole (Ayyavole) > p. 120
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram Ellora > p. 132
πŸ”— Anchor: "Is Amarakantak (India) famous for a Sun temple?"
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S2
πŸ‘‰ Dynastic patronage and temple identity
πŸ’‘ The insight

References note how dynasties (Pandyas, Vijayanagara rulers) patronised temples and associated them with particular cults or architectural programs β€” a key factor in why sites become famous for certain temples.

Crucial for UPSC as many questions probe the role of rulers in temple-building, regional religious trends, and cultural synthesis. Mastering this helps answer mains questions on state-religion relations and sources-based questions in history. Build timelines linking dynasties to major temple projects.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century) > p. 188
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 11: Later Cholas and Pandyas > Temples > p. 171
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 12: Bahmani and Vijayanagar Kingdoms > 12.6 Art and Architecture > p. 186
πŸ”— Anchor: "Is Amarakantak (India) famous for a Sun temple?"
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S3
πŸ‘‰ Principal deity of a temple (Shiva vs Vishnu)
πŸ’‘ The insight

Several references identify the principal deities of famous temples (e.g., shrines dedicated to Siva and Vishnu; worship of Shiva and Vishnu under dynasties).

High-yield for UPSC: many questions ask which deity a given temple is dedicated to or link temples to religious traditions. Mastering how sources state temple dedications helps correctly attribute temples to Shaiva or Vaishnava traditions and supports elimination in multiple-choice and matching questions.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > 9.5 Mamallapuram > p. 129
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 8: Harsha and Rise of Regional Kingdoms > Religion > p. 114
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART II, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: An Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara > An Imperial Capital Vijayanagara (c. fourteenth to sixteenth century) > p. 188
πŸ”— Anchor: "Is Omkareshwar (India) famous for a Sun temple?"
πŸ“Œ Adjacent topic to master
S3
πŸ‘‰ Temple architectural types: rock-cut vs structural
πŸ’‘ The insight

References describe rock-cut caves (Ajanta, Ellora) and structural temples (Shore Temple) as distinct categories with characteristic features.

Understanding architectural categories is useful for dating and locating temples, and for answering questions on temple form, patronage, and regional styles. It enables pattern recognition (e.g., rock-cut = cave complexes; structural = vimana/shikara forms) useful in both mains and prelims.

πŸ“š Reading List :
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 7: The Guptas > Rock-cut and Structural Temples > p. 98
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II Ellora, Ajanta and Mamallapuram Ellora > p. 132
  • History , class XI (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 9: Cultural Development in South India > II. Elora - Ajanta and Mamallapuram > p. 127
πŸ”— Anchor: "Is Omkareshwar (India) famous for a Sun temple?"
πŸŒ‘ The Hidden Trap

Martand Sun Temple (Kashmir, built by Lalitaditya Muktapida of Karkota dynasty). It is the logical sibling to Arasavalli in the 'Rare Sun Temples' list and often appears in news regarding restoration.

⚑ Elimination Cheat Code

The 'Primary Identity' Filter. Omkareshwar is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas. In Indian culture, this is an exclusive tag. If a place holds a 'Top 12' rank for Shiva, it is statistically impossible for UPSC to classify it as 'Famous for Sun' without it being a trick. Trust the primary identity.

πŸ”— Mains Connection

Geography-Culture Link: Amarakantak is a 'Radial Drainage' peak (Maikal Hills) giving rise to Narmada and Son. In Indian culture, river sources (Udgam) are almost always treated as Shiva/Shakti sites, not typically Sun sites.

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SIMILAR QUESTIONS

NDA-II Β· 2015 Β· Q89 Relevance score: -0.10

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists: List I (Dynasty) A. Chalukyas B. Hoysalas C. Pandyas D. Eastern Gangas Temple List II (Architecture) 1. Sun Temple, Konark 2. Pattadakal Temples 3. Kesava Temple, Somnathpur 4. Eastern gopura of Chidambaram Code: A B C D

IAS Β· 2014 Β· Q89 Relevance score: -1.11

With reference to Buddhist history, tradition and culture in India, consider the following pairs : Famous shrine Location 1. Tabo monastery and temple complex : Spiti Valley 2. Lhotsava Lhakhang temple, Nako : Zanskar Valley 3. Alchi temple complex : Ladakh Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

IAS Β· 2021 Β· Q17 Relevance score: -3.46

Consider the following pairs : (Historical place) (Well-known for) 1. Burzahom : Rock-cut shrines 2. Chandraketugarh : Terracotta art 3. Ganeshwar : Copper artefacts Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

CDS-I Β· 2005 Β· Q103 Relevance score: -3.61

Which among the following are included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Centres? 1. Chola Temples 2. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway 3. Bhimbetka 4. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

CDS-II Β· 2013 Β· Q112 Relevance score: -4.74

Which of the following are UNESCO recognized world heritage sites ? 1. Caves of Ajanta 2. Temple and caves at Ellora 3. Mandapas of Mahabalipuram 4. Caves of Kanheri Select the correct answer using the code given below :