With reference to Buddhist history, tradition and culture in India, consider the following pairs : Famous shrine Location 1. Tabo monastery and temple complex : Spiti Valley 2. Lhotsava Lhakhang temple, Nako : Zanskar Valley 3. Alchi temple complex : Ladakh Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Identifies Spiti as one of the well-known valleys of Himachal Pradesh, establishing that 'Spiti Valley' is a recognized geographic unit within Himachal.

A student could take this as a prompt to check a map or gazetteer for named sites (like Tabo) within the Spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh.

States that Chandra Taal (a high-altitude lake) is located in the Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, showing that notable high-altitude sites (and districts) are in Spiti.

A student could use this to narrow searches to Spiti district maps or district-level lists of monasteries/temples to look for Tabo.

Notes Chandra Tal is in Lahaul and Spiti district, confirming administrative naming (Lahaul and Spiti) used for the region where high-altitude religious sites occur.

A student could check administrative (district) maps for 'Lahaul and Spiti' to see if Tabo appears as a settlement/monastery within that district.

Mentions Buddhist temples adjacent to high-altitude lakes in Himachal (Nako in Kinnaur), indicating a pattern of Buddhist religious sites occurring in Himalayan valleys of Himachal.

A student could generalize this pattern and look specifically for Buddhist monasteries listed in Himachal’s high valleys (Spiti among them) to see if Tabo appears.

Describes the boundary and watershed between India and Tibet running along Spiti, situating Spiti geographically as part of the trans-Himalayan sector where Tibetan Buddhist sites might be expected.

A student could combine this geographical context with knowledge that Tibetan Buddhism is common in trans-Himalayan valleys and then search for named Tibetan Buddhist sites (e.g., Tabo) in Spiti.

Specifies Nako Lake is situated in the district of Kinnaur (Himachal Pradesh) and that there are Buddhist temples near the lake, linking 'Nako' to Kinnaur rather than to Zanskar.

A student could use a map or administrative-boundary list to check whether Kinnaur (Himachal Pradesh) and Zanskar Valley (in Ladakh) are distinct locations, thus testing whether a temple in Nako would lie in Zanskar.

Describes the Ladakh region as a distinct, mainly mountainous area with a population distribution different from Kashmir, implicitly distinguishing Ladakh (where Zanskar is located) from other Himalayan districts.

Combine this with the Kinnaur location from snippet 1 and a political/physical map to determine whether Zanskar (part of Ladakh) overlaps Kinnaur (Himachal Pradesh).

Mentions valleys in Ladakh (Puga Valley) as distinct geographic features in that region, providing an example of named valleys belonging to Ladakh rather than Himachal.

Use the pattern that named valleys like Puga are in Ladakh to check whether Zanskar Valley is similarly in Ladakh and therefore separate from Nako in Kinnaur.

Lists many important Himalayan shrines and shows that Himalayan religious sites are spread across different named regions, implying location matters (district/state/region) for assigning a shrine to a valley.

A student could use this general rule—that shrines are tied to specific Himalayan districts/valleys—to look up the district/valley affiliation of Lhotsava Lhakhang and see if it matches Zanskar or Kinnaur.

Describes the Ladakh cultural region as having Buddhist dominance and 'Gompas and monasteries'—establishes Ladakh as a Himalayan area where Buddhist temple complexes commonly occur.

A student could note that Alchi, if described in other sources as a 'gompa' or monastery, would plausibly be located in Ladakh and then check a map or gazetteer to see if Alchi lies within Ladakh.

Defines Ladakh as a distinct Himalayan (cold desert) region with river Indus flowing through it—gives geographic boundary/context for locating Himalayan shrines.

A student could use this geographic definition plus a map to determine whether Alchi (if known as a Himalayan site) falls within Ladakh's boundaries.

Notes Ladakh's population is almost equally divided between Buddhists and Muslims—supports the expectation of prominent Buddhist sites in the region.

A student could infer that significant Buddhist shrine complexes named in travel or history sources are likely to be in Ladakh and then compare Alchi's reported location to that expectation.

States that the Himalaya have numerous shrines and pilgrimage centres—indicates a general pattern that religious complexes (including Buddhist ones) are common in Himalayan regions like Ladakh.

A student could treat Alchi as one of many Himalayan shrines and then use regional maps of Himalayan shrines to see if Alchi is placed in Ladakh.

Mentions specific places located in Ladakh (Puga Valley), demonstrating the snippets include place-names within Ladakh that could be cross-referenced with other place-names like Alchi.

A student could cross-reference a map or gazetteer listing Ladakh place-names to locate Alchi relative to other named Ladakh sites (e.g., Puga Valley) to test whether Alchi is in Ladakh.