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Q78 (IAS/2017) Science & Technology › Biotechnology & Health › Cloning and reproductive technologies Official Key

What is the application of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology ?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: C
Explanation

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) technology allows the generation of clones of animals about which substantial knowledge of their performance exists.[1] The technique involves deposition of a somatic cell into an enucleated oocyte resulting in an embryo[2], which is then implanted into a foster or surrogate mother.[3] Somatic cells can be cryopreserved and used in SCNT for reproductive cloning, which has been successful for many domestic mammalian species (e.g. cattle, sheep, horses, pigs and goats).[4] Since the birth of Dolly in 1996, cloning has been achieved for various species, and up to 2004, about 1,500 calves had been produced through SCNT.[5] This technology is specifically designed for reproductive cloning and has no application in producing biolarvicides, manufacturing biodegradable plastics, or directly producing disease-free organisms. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Sources
  1. [1] https://www.fao.org/4/j8959e/j8959e.pdf
  2. [2] https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/animal_genetics/docs/CGRFA-18-21-10_2_Inf1_forPDF.pdf
  3. [3] https://www.fao.org/4/j8959e/j8959e.pdf
  4. [4] https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/animal_genetics/docs/CGRFA-18-21-10_2_Inf1_forPDF.pdf
  5. [5] https://www.fao.org/4/i2300e/i2300e03.pdf
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Q. What is the application of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology ? [A] Production of biolarvicides [B] Manufacture of biodegradable …
At a glance
Origin: Mostly Current Affairs Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 2.5/10
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This is a classic 'Term-Definition' match. SCNT is simply the technical name for the method used to create 'Dolly the Sheep'. The strategy is simple: when reading about a famous scientific outcome (Cloning), always memorize the specific technical process behind it.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
Is Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) technology used for production of biolarvicides?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: How do Organisms Reproduce? > Tissue culture > p. 118
Strength: 4/5
“In tissue culture, new plants are grown by removing tissue or separating cells from the growing tip of a plant. The cells are then placed in an artificial medium where they divide rapidly to form a small group of cells or callus. The callus is transferred to another medium containing hormones for growth and differentiation. The plantlets are then placed in the soil so that they can grow into mature plants. Using tissue culture, many plants can be grown from one parent in disease-free conditions. This technique is commonly used for ornamental plants.”
Why relevant

Describes tissue culture where cells or tissues are removed and grown in artificial media to produce new organisms or many copies (callus → plantlets).

How to extend

A student could extend this by noting tissue/cell-based propagation techniques are used to mass-produce biological materials and then ask whether SCNT is another cell-based method that could analogously produce organisms that serve as biolarvicides.

Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: How do Organisms Reproduce? > How do Organisms Reproduce? CHAPTER7 > p. 116
Strength: 3/5
“This is not true for all multi-cellular organisms. They cannot simply divide cell-by-cell. The reason is that many multi-cellular organisms, as we have seen, are not simply a random collection of cells. Specialised cells are organised as tissues, and tissues are organised into organs, which then have to be placed at definite positions in the body. In such a carefully organised situation, cell-by-cell division would be impractical. Multi-cellular organisms, therefore, need to use more complex ways of reproduction. A basic strategy used in multi-cellular organisms is that different cell types perform different specialised functions. Following this general pattern, reproduction in such organisms is also the function of a specific cell type.”
Why relevant

Explains that multicellular organisms have specialised reproductive strategies and that reproduction can be engineered by manipulating specific cell types.

How to extend

One could use this to reason that cloning methods (like SCNT) alter reproductive processes and then check whether cloned organisms are used to generate organisms or secretions employed as larvicides.

Science , class X (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 7: How do Organisms Reproduce? > 7.1 DO ORGANISMS CREATE EXACT COPIES OF THEMSEL THEMSELVES? > p. 114
Strength: 3/5
“because the copy pushed out would not have any organised cellular structure for maintaining life processes. Therefore, DNA copying is accompanied by the creation of an additional cellular apparatus, and then the DNA copies separate, each with its own cellular apparatus. Effectively, a cell divides to give rise to two cells. These two cells are of course similar, but are they likely to be absolutely identical? The answer to this question will depend on how accurately the copying reactions involved occur. No bio-chemical reaction is absolutely reliable. Therefore, it is only to be expected that the process of copying the DNA will have some variations each time.”
Why relevant

Discusses DNA copying, cellular apparatus, and that cellular division and organisation are required for producing viable copies—highlighting that manipulating nuclei and cells affects organismal replication.

How to extend

This provides a conceptual link to nuclear transfer (moving nuclei between cells) and suggests checking whether such nuclear manipulations are applied to create organisms or cell-lines used in biolarvicide production.

Environment and Ecology, Majid Hussain (Access publishing 3rd ed.) > Chapter 5: Biodiversity and Legislations > cartagEna Protocol. > p. 10
Strength: 4/5
“Te Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety is an international treaty, governing the movements of Living Modifed Organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology from one country to another. It was adopted on 29th January, 2000 and entered into force on 11th September, 2003. It was under the aegis of Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). India acceded to the Biodiversity Protocol on 17th January, 2003. Te protocol was signed by 157 countries. Te main objective of the protocol is to ensure an adequate level of production in the feld of safer transfer, handling of Living Modifed Organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse efect on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity taking into account risk to health.”
Why relevant

Summarises the Cartagena Protocol governing movement of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) from modern biotechnology, implying regulatory attention to biotechnology-derived organisms.

How to extend

A student could use this to pursue whether products labelled as biolarvicides fall under LMOs and whether techniques like SCNT (a modern biotech method) are mentioned in regulatory or product literature for such biocontrol agents.

Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 28: International Organisation and Conventions > Objective > p. 391
Strength: 3/5
“Is to contribute to ensuring an adequate level of protection in the field of the safe transfer, handling and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology that may have adverse effects on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account risks to human health, and specifically focusing on transboundary movements. • The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is an additional agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. • The Protocol establishes procedures for regulating the import and export of LMOs from one country to another. All Rights Reserved. No part of this uaterial ma,v be reproduced in anVy tbrm or by anv neans, \\iithout Permission iu writing. ffi”
Why relevant

Also states the objective of protecting against adverse effects of LMOs from modern biotechnology and regulating their import/export.

How to extend

This supports checking international/regulatory sources to see if SCNT-derived organisms are categorized among LMOs used as biolarvicides, enabling verification or elimination of the statement.

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Statement analysis

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Statement analysis

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