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Q15 (IAS/2019) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Nationalist organisations Official Key

With reference to Indian National Movement, consider the following pairs : Person Position held 1. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru : President, All India Liberal Federation 2. K. C. Neogy : Member, The Constituent Assembly 3. P. C. Joshi : General Secretary, Communist Party of India Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Result
Your answer: —  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 4 (1, 2 and 3) because all three pairs are historically accurate within the context of the Indian National Movement.

  • Pair 1 is correct: Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, a prominent lawyer and statesman, broke away from the Congress after the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms to found the All India Liberal Federation, serving as its President.
  • Pair 2 is correct: K.C. Neogy was a distinguished politician from West Bengal who served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India. He later became the Chairman of the first Finance Commission of India.
  • Pair 3 is correct: P.C. Joshi was a key figure in the left-wing movement and served as the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (CPI) from 1935 to 1947, playing a pivotal role in the party's growth during the independence struggle.

Since all three individuals held the specified positions, Option 4 is the right choice.

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Q. With reference to Indian National Movement, consider the following pairs : Person Position held 1. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru : President, All…
At a glance
Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 0/10
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This question punishes 'Congress-centric' history reading. It demands knowledge of the 'Alternative' streams: Liberals (Sapru), Communists (Joshi), and Technocrats (Neogy). The key is to recognize that UPSC tests the *highest* designation held by leaders of non-Congress groups.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
In the context of the Indian National Movement, did Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru serve as President of the All India Liberal Federation?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.2 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms > p. 44
Strength: 4/5
“The scheme, when announced in 1918, came to be criticized throughout India. The Indian National Congress met in a special session at Bombay in August 1918 to discuss the scheme. The congress termed the scheme 'disappointing and unsatisfactory.' The colonial government followed a 'carrot and stick policy.' There was a group of moderate / liberal political leaders who wanted to try and work the reforms. Led by Surendranath Banerjee, they opposed the majority opinion and left the Congress to form their own party which came to be called Indian Liberal Federation.”
Why relevant

Defines the Indian Liberal Federation (All India Liberal Federation) as a distinct organisation formed by moderate/liberal leaders who left Congress, identifying the institutional context in which a 'president' post would exist.

How to extend

A student could look up lists of office-holders of this specific body (formed under Surendranath Banerjee) to check whether Sapru's name appears as president.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Civil Disobedience Movement the Salt Satyagraha and Other Upsurges > p. 385
Strength: 4/5
“Muhammad Shafi Daudi, Raja Sher Muhammad Khan of Domeli, A.H. Ghuznavi, Hafiz Hidayat Hussain, Sayed Muhammad Padshah Saheb Bahadur, Dr. Shafa'at Ahmad Khan, Jamal Muhammad and Nawab Sahibzada Sayed Muhammad Mehr Shah. Hindu groups were represented by M.R. Jayakar, B.S. Moonje and Diwan Bahadur Raja Narendra Nath. The Liberals at the conference were J. N. Basu, C.Y. Chintamani, Tej Bahadur Sapru, V.S. Srinivasa Sastri and Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad. The Justice Party sent Raja of Bobbili, Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, Sir A.P. Patro and Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav. The Depressed Classes were represented by B.R. Ambedkar and Rettamalai Srinivasan. Sardar Ujjal Singh and Sardar Sampuran Singh represented the Sikhs.”
Why relevant

Lists Tej Bahadur Sapru explicitly among 'The Liberals' participating in conferences, showing he was a recognized liberal leader associated with groups that would participate in or form the Federation.

How to extend

Use this evidence of Sapru's prominent liberal identity to search organisational records or leadership lists of the Liberal Federation for his role.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Second Round Table Conference > p. 384
Strength: 3/5
“Members of the Indian Liberal Party such as Tej Bahadur Sapru, C.Y. Chintamani and Srinivasa Sastri appealed to Gandhi to talk with the Viceroy. Gandhi and Irwin reached a compromise which came to be called the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (the Delhi Pact). The second Round Table Conference was held in London from September 7, 1931 to December 1, 1931. The Indian National Congress nominated Gandhi as its sole representative. A. Rangaswami Iyengar and Madan Mohan Malaviya were also there. There were a large number of Indian participants, besides the Congress.”
Why relevant

Refers to 'Members of the Indian Liberal Party such as Tej Bahadur Sapru...', linking Sapru to the organised liberal political grouping active in negotiations and pacts.

How to extend

Since the Indian Liberal Party and the Indian Liberal Federation are closely related in historical usage, compare leadership lists of both bodies in secondary sources to test the presidency claim.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Civil Disobedience Movement the Salt Satyagraha and Other Upsurges > p. 383
Strength: 3/5
“Basu, Tej Bahadur Sapru, C.Y. Chintamani, V.S. Srinivasa Sastri and Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad. The Depressed Classes were represented by B.R. Ambedkar and Rettamalai Srinivasan. The Justice Party sent Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav and Sir A.P. Patro. Labour was represented by N.M. Joshi and B. Shiva Rao. K.T. Paul represented the Indian Christians, while Henry Gidney represented the Anglo-Indians, and the Europeans were represented by Sir Hubert Carr, Sir Oscar de Glanville (Burma), T.F. Gavin Jones, C.E. Wood (Madras). There were also representatives of the landlords (from Bihar, the United Pronvinces, and Orissa), the universities, Burma, the Sindh and some other provinces.”
Why relevant

Again groups Sapru with named liberal leaders (Basu, C.Y. Chintamani, V.S. Srinivasa Sastri), indicating a circle of senior liberals who were likely candidates for federation leadership roles.

How to extend

Cross-reference the names of prominent liberals given here with archival records or contemporary newspapers that reported appointments to Federation offices.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 35: Making of the Constitution for India > Background > p. 611
Strength: 3/5
“The Commonwealth of India Bill, which was drafted in India and to which Annie Besant, Tej Bahadur Sapru, V.S. Srinivasa Shastri made important contributions, was accepted unanimously by the executive committee of the Parliamentary Labour Party. The Bill had its first reading in the House of Commons in December 1925; it was defeated, but it proved crucial as it had the support of very wide sections of Indian opinion, and specified in clear words that "India shall be placed on an equal footing with the self-governing dominions". After the Non-Cooperation Movement, Motilal Nehru in February 1924 introduced in the Central Legislative Assembly a resolution that gave due regard to minority rights and interests and came to be known as the National Demand.”
Why relevant

Shows Sapru's involvement in formal constitutional and parliamentary efforts (Commonwealth of India Bill), underscoring his stature as a senior constitutional liberal suitable for presidential office in liberal organisations.

How to extend

Given his high profile in constitutional initiatives, check organisational histories of the Liberal Federation for whether such senior constitutionalists were elected president, and whether Sapru was among them.

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