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Q15 (IAS/2019) History & Culture › National Movement (1857–1947) › Nationalist organisations Official Key

With reference to Indian National Movement, consider the following pairs : Person Position held 1. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru : President, All India Liberal Federation 2. K. C. Neogy : Member, The Constituent Assembly 3. P. C. Joshi : General Secretary, Communist Party of India Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

Result
Your answer:  ·  Correct: D
Explanation

The correct answer is Option 4 (1, 2 and 3) because all three pairs are historically accurate within the context of the Indian National Movement.

  • Pair 1 is correct: Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, a prominent lawyer and statesman, broke away from the Congress after the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms to found the All India Liberal Federation, serving as its President.
  • Pair 2 is correct: K.C. Neogy was a distinguished politician from West Bengal who served as a member of the Constituent Assembly of India. He later became the Chairman of the first Finance Commission of India.
  • Pair 3 is correct: P.C. Joshi was a key figure in the left-wing movement and served as the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (CPI) from 1935 to 1947, playing a pivotal role in the party's growth during the independence struggle.

Since all three individuals held the specified positions, Option 4 is the right choice.

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Q. With reference to Indian National Movement, consider the following pairs : Person Position held 1. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru : President, All…
At a glance
Origin: Mixed / unclear origin Fairness: Low / Borderline fairness Books / CA: 0/10 · 0/10

This question punishes 'Congress-centric' history reading. It demands knowledge of the 'Alternative' streams: Liberals (Sapru), Communists (Joshi), and Technocrats (Neogy). The key is to recognize that UPSC tests the *highest* designation held by leaders of non-Congress groups.

How this question is built

This question can be broken into the following sub-statements. Tap a statement sentence to jump into its detailed analysis.

Statement 1
In the context of the Indian National Movement, did Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru serve as President of the All India Liberal Federation?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.2 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms > p. 44
Strength: 4/5
“The scheme, when announced in 1918, came to be criticized throughout India. The Indian National Congress met in a special session at Bombay in August 1918 to discuss the scheme. The congress termed the scheme 'disappointing and unsatisfactory.' The colonial government followed a 'carrot and stick policy.' There was a group of moderate / liberal political leaders who wanted to try and work the reforms. Led by Surendranath Banerjee, they opposed the majority opinion and left the Congress to form their own party which came to be called Indian Liberal Federation.”
Why relevant

Defines the Indian Liberal Federation (All India Liberal Federation) as a distinct organisation formed by moderate/liberal leaders who left Congress, identifying the institutional context in which a 'president' post would exist.

How to extend

A student could look up lists of office-holders of this specific body (formed under Surendranath Banerjee) to check whether Sapru's name appears as president.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Civil Disobedience Movement the Salt Satyagraha and Other Upsurges > p. 385
Strength: 4/5
“Muhammad Shafi Daudi, Raja Sher Muhammad Khan of Domeli, A.H. Ghuznavi, Hafiz Hidayat Hussain, Sayed Muhammad Padshah Saheb Bahadur, Dr. Shafa'at Ahmad Khan, Jamal Muhammad and Nawab Sahibzada Sayed Muhammad Mehr Shah. Hindu groups were represented by M.R. Jayakar, B.S. Moonje and Diwan Bahadur Raja Narendra Nath. The Liberals at the conference were J. N. Basu, C.Y. Chintamani, Tej Bahadur Sapru, V.S. Srinivasa Sastri and Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad. The Justice Party sent Raja of Bobbili, Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, Sir A.P. Patro and Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav. The Depressed Classes were represented by B.R. Ambedkar and Rettamalai Srinivasan. Sardar Ujjal Singh and Sardar Sampuran Singh represented the Sikhs.”
Why relevant

Lists Tej Bahadur Sapru explicitly among 'The Liberals' participating in conferences, showing he was a recognized liberal leader associated with groups that would participate in or form the Federation.

How to extend

Use this evidence of Sapru's prominent liberal identity to search organisational records or leadership lists of the Liberal Federation for his role.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Second Round Table Conference > p. 384
Strength: 3/5
“Members of the Indian Liberal Party such as Tej Bahadur Sapru, C.Y. Chintamani and Srinivasa Sastri appealed to Gandhi to talk with the Viceroy. Gandhi and Irwin reached a compromise which came to be called the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (the Delhi Pact). The second Round Table Conference was held in London from September 7, 1931 to December 1, 1931. The Indian National Congress nominated Gandhi as its sole representative. A. Rangaswami Iyengar and Madan Mohan Malaviya were also there. There were a large number of Indian participants, besides the Congress.”
Why relevant

Refers to 'Members of the Indian Liberal Party such as Tej Bahadur Sapru...', linking Sapru to the organised liberal political grouping active in negotiations and pacts.

How to extend

Since the Indian Liberal Party and the Indian Liberal Federation are closely related in historical usage, compare leadership lists of both bodies in secondary sources to test the presidency claim.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Civil Disobedience Movement the Salt Satyagraha and Other Upsurges > p. 383
Strength: 3/5
“Basu, Tej Bahadur Sapru, C.Y. Chintamani, V.S. Srinivasa Sastri and Chimanlal Harilal Setalvad. The Depressed Classes were represented by B.R. Ambedkar and Rettamalai Srinivasan. The Justice Party sent Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar, Bhaskarrao Vithojirao Jadhav and Sir A.P. Patro. Labour was represented by N.M. Joshi and B. Shiva Rao. K.T. Paul represented the Indian Christians, while Henry Gidney represented the Anglo-Indians, and the Europeans were represented by Sir Hubert Carr, Sir Oscar de Glanville (Burma), T.F. Gavin Jones, C.E. Wood (Madras). There were also representatives of the landlords (from Bihar, the United Pronvinces, and Orissa), the universities, Burma, the Sindh and some other provinces.”
Why relevant

Again groups Sapru with named liberal leaders (Basu, C.Y. Chintamani, V.S. Srinivasa Sastri), indicating a circle of senior liberals who were likely candidates for federation leadership roles.

How to extend

Cross-reference the names of prominent liberals given here with archival records or contemporary newspapers that reported appointments to Federation offices.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 35: Making of the Constitution for India > Background > p. 611
Strength: 3/5
“The Commonwealth of India Bill, which was drafted in India and to which Annie Besant, Tej Bahadur Sapru, V.S. Srinivasa Shastri made important contributions, was accepted unanimously by the executive committee of the Parliamentary Labour Party. The Bill had its first reading in the House of Commons in December 1925; it was defeated, but it proved crucial as it had the support of very wide sections of Indian opinion, and specified in clear words that "India shall be placed on an equal footing with the self-governing dominions". After the Non-Cooperation Movement, Motilal Nehru in February 1924 introduced in the Central Legislative Assembly a resolution that gave due regard to minority rights and interests and came to be known as the National Demand.”
Why relevant

Shows Sapru's involvement in formal constitutional and parliamentary efforts (Commonwealth of India Bill), underscoring his stature as a senior constitutional liberal suitable for presidential office in liberal organisations.

How to extend

Given his high profile in constitutional initiatives, check organisational histories of the Liberal Federation for whether such senior constitutionalists were elected president, and whether Sapru was among them.

Statement 2
In the context of the Indian National Movement, was K. C. Neogy a member of the Constituent Assembly of India?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 12: FRAMING THE CONSTITUTION > 1.1 The making of the Constituent Assembly > p. 318
Strength: 5/5
“The members of the Constituent Assembly were not elected on the basis of universal franchise. In the winter of 1945-46 provincial elections were held in India. The Provincial Legislatures then chose the representatives to the Constituent Assembly. The Constituent Assembly that came into being was dominated by one party: the Congress. The”
Why relevant

States that members of the Constituent Assembly were chosen by provincial legislatures after 1945–46 elections (not by direct popular vote).

How to extend

A student could check whether K. C. Neogy held a seat in any provincial legislature in 1946 or was nominated by one to infer likelihood of Assembly membership.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 2: Making of the Constitution > The features of the scheme were: > p. 12
Strength: 4/5
“However, the 93 seats allotted to the princely states were not filled as they decided to stay away from the Constituent Assembly. Although the Constituent Assembly was not directly elected by the people of India on the basis of adult franchise, the Assembly comprised representatives of all sections of Indian society-Hindus, Muslis, Sikhs, Parsis, Anglo-Indians, Indian Christians, SCs, STs including women of all these sections. The Assembly included all important personalities of India at that time. With the exception of Mahatma Gandhi. The allocation of seats in the Constituent Assembly, the results of the elections to the Constituent Assembly, the community-wise representation in the Constituent Assembly and the women members of the Constituent Assembly are mentioned in Tables 2.”
Why relevant

Notes the Assembly comprised representatives of all major communities and included 'all important personalities of India at that time.'

How to extend

One could compare published lists of 'important personalities' or official member lists of the Constituent Assembly to see if K. C. Neogy's name appears.

Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 2: Making of the Constitution > EXPERTS COMMITTEE OF THE CONGRESS > p. 16
Strength: 3/5
“While elections to the Constituent Assembly were still in progress, on July 8, 1946, the Congress Party (Indian National Congress) appointed an Experts Committee for the purpose of preparing material for the Constituent Assembly. This committee consisted of the following members; • 1. Jawaharlal Nehru (Chairman) • 2. M. Asaf Ali • 3. K.M. Munshi • 4. N.Gopalswami Ayyangar • K.T. Shah • D.R. Gadgil • Humayun Ka bir • K. Santhanam Later, on the Chairman's proposal, it was resolved that Krishnaji Kripalani be co-opted as member and convenor of the committee. The committee had two sittings, the first at New Delhi from July 20 to 22, 1946, and the second at Bombay from August 15 to 17, 1946.”
Why relevant

Gives an explicit list of members of the Congress Experts Committee preparing material for the Assembly, illustrating that such preparatory bodies had named membership lists.

How to extend

Use this pattern—consult analogous membership lists (Experts committees, Assembly rosters) to look for K. C. Neogy's inclusion or exclusion.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 33: Challenges Before the New-born Nation > First Day of Independent India > p. 590
Strength: 4/5
“August 15, 1947 started an epoch that ended India's colonial subjugation and looked forward to a new India—India as an independent country. The Constituent Assembly of India met at 11 p.m. on August 14, 1947. Rajendra Prasad presided over the session. In a ceremony held in the Constituent Assembly (in Parliament House) at midnight of August 14-15, 1947,”
Why relevant

Records the Constituent Assembly's inaugural meeting date and presiding officer, implying official proceedings with attendance records.

How to extend

A student could consult the Assembly's inaugural proceedings or attendance roll for August 14–15, 1947 to verify whether K. C. Neogy was present as a member.

Democratic Politics-I. Political Science-Class IX . NCERT(Revised ed 2025) > Chapter 2: CONSTITUTIONAL DESIGN > G. Durgabai Deshmukh (1909-1981) born: Andhra Pradesh. Advocate and public activist for women's emancipation. Founder of Andhra Mahila Sabha. Congress leader. Later: Founder Chairperson of Central Social Welfare Board. > p. 25
Strength: 3/5
“G. Durgabai Deshmukh (1909-1981) born: Andhra Pradesh. Advocate and public activist for women's emancipation. Founder of Andhra Mahila Sabha. Congress leader. Later: Founder, Chairperson of Central Social Welfare Board. elected mainly by the members of the existing Provincial Legislatures that we mentioned above. This ensured a fair geographical share of members from all the regions of the country. The Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress, the party that led India's freedom struggle. But the Congress itself included a variety of political groups and opinions. The Assembly had many members who did not agree with the Congress. Finally, the manner in which the Constituent Assembly worked gives sanctity to the Constitution.”
Why relevant

Explains that the Assembly was dominated by the Indian National Congress but included varying groups, indicating membership was politicized and documented by party/region.

How to extend

Cross-check party rosters and regional representation lists from 1946–47 to see if K. C. Neogy was nominated by a party or region to the Assembly.

Statement 3
In the context of the Indian National Movement, did P. C. Joshi serve as General Secretary of the Communist Party of India?
Origin: Weak / unclear Fairness: Borderline / guessy
Indirect textbook clues
Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Era of One-party Dominance > Congress as social and ideological coalition > p. 37
Strength: 4/5
“A. K. Gopalan, S.A. Dange, E.M.S. Namboodiripad, P.C. Joshi, Ajay Ghosh and P. Sundarraya were among the notable leaders of the CPI. The Party went through a major split in 1964 following the ideological rift between Soviet Union and China. The pro-Soviet faction remained as the CPI, while the opponents formed the CPI(M). Both these parties continue to exist to this day. A.K. Gopalan (1904-1977): Communist leader from Kerala, worked as a Congress worker initially; joined the Communist Party in 1939; after the split in the Communist Party in 1964, joined the CPI (M) and worked for strengthening the party; respected as a parliamentarian; Member of Parliament from 1952.”
Why relevant

Lists P.C. Joshi among the notable leaders of the CPI, indicating he was a prominent figure within the party.

How to extend

A student could check lists or timelines of CPI office-holders (e.g., party leadership rolls) to see if prominent figures like Joshi held the General Secretary post.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
Strength: 4/5
“A strong communist influence on the movement lent a militant and revolutionary content to it. In 1928 there was a six-month-long strike in Bombay Textile Mills led by the Girni Kamgar Union. The whole of 1928 witnessed unprecedented industrial unrest. This period also saw the crystallisation of various communist groups, with leaders like S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, P.C. Joshi, Sohan Singh Joshi etc. Alarmed at the increasing strength of the trade union movement under extremist influence, the government resorted to legislative restrictions. It passed the Public Safety Ordinance (1929) and the Trade Disputes Act (TDA), 1929.”
Why relevant

Places P.C. Joshi among early communist leaders active in labour and party formation in the late 1920s, indicating long-term involvement.

How to extend

Knowing Joshi's early and sustained prominence, a student could search period-specific party records or histories (1930s–1950s) when a General Secretaryship would likely be held.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 33: Challenges Before the New-born Nation > Communists and Independence > p. 601
Strength: 5/5
“To achieve this goal, the communist leaders decided to follow what popularly came to be known as the B.T. Ranadive line (after the name of CPI's then general secretary). They declared, "the present state will be replaced by a people's democratic republic—a republic of workers, peasants and oppressed middle classes." The Communist insurgency spread to other parts of India especially in West Bengal which saw the revival of the Tebhaga Movement and an urban insurgency in Calcutta.”
Why relevant

Refers explicitly to the party post 'general secretary' (B.T. Ranadive) and links that office to major policy lines (the B.T. Ranadive line).

How to extend

Since the title 'general secretary' is shown as an influential CPI office, a student could consult lists of individuals who held that specific office to confirm whether Joshi was among them.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 33: Challenges Before the New-born Nation > Shift from Antagonistic Strategy to Constitutional Democracy > p. 602
Strength: 3/5
“In September 1950, the prominent communist leaders like Ajoy Ghosh, S.A. Dange and S.V. Ghate criticised the organisation for its faulty strategies and its failure to take notice of the true picture of independent India. Consequently, in October 1951, at the Third Party Congress of the CPI, held in Calcutta, a significant shift in its policy was endorsed. It decided to withdraw the Telangana movement and forge an inclusive front of the peasants, workers and middle classes. Consequently, the ban was lifted by the government, and the Indian communists participated in the general election of 1951-52, thus moving from an insurrectionist path to the path of constitutional democracy.”
Why relevant

Names other prominent CPI leaders (Ajoy Ghosh, S.A. Dange, S.V. Ghate) involved in party decisions at congresses, showing leadership roles rotated among recognizable figures.

How to extend

A student could compare named leaders across congresses/periods to infer when leadership changed and then check if Joshi's prominence corresponds to a period when he might have been General Secretary.

Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 17: Emergence of Swarajists, Socialist Ideas, Revolutionary Activities and Other New Forces > Spread of Marxist and Socialist Ideas > p. 347
Strength: 3/5
“In 1925, the Indian Communist Conference at Kanpur formalised the foundation of the CPI. In 1929, the government crackdown on communists resulted in the arrest and trial of 31 leading communists, trade unionists and left-wing leaders; they were tried at Meerut in the famous Meerut conspiracy case. Workers' and peasants' parties were organised all over the country and they propagated Marxist and communist ideas. All these communist groups and workers' and peasants' parties remained an integral part of the national movement and worked along with the Congress.”
Why relevant

Describes the formalisation and organisational development of the CPI in the 1920s, implying that by later decades the party had established offices and leadership structures.

How to extend

Given that the CPI had formal structures early on, a student could look for documented holders of formal posts (like General Secretary) in party archives or standard histories to test the claim about Joshi.

Pattern takeaway: UPSC loves 'Office-bearers' of minor parties. Everyone knows Congress Presidents. The edge lies in knowing the heads of the Liberals, Communists, and Hindu Mahasabha.
How you should have studied
  1. [THE VERDICT]: Solvable via Elimination + Cross-Subject Knowledge. Sapru and Joshi are standard history (Spectrum/NCERT); Neogy is a Polity fact (First Finance Commission Chairman).
  2. [THE CONCEPTUAL TRIGGER]: 'Personalities outside the Congress Fold' – specifically the leadership of the Liberals, the Left, and the Technocrats in the Constituent Assembly.
  3. [THE HORIZONTAL EXPANSION]: Memorize these pairings: N.M. Joshi (AITUC Founder), M.N. Roy (CPI Founder/Radical Humanism), Syama Prasad Mookerjee (Hindu Mahasabha/Jana Sangh), Acharya Narendra Dev (CSP), and B.R. Ambedkar (Independent Labour Party).
  4. [THE STRATEGIC METACOGNITION]: When reading Modern History, create a separate table for 'Political Parties other than Congress'. Column 1: Party Name. Column 2: Key Leader. Column 3: Official Post (President/Gen Sec). Column 4: Stance on Quit India/WWII.
Concept hooks from this question
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Indian Liberal Federation / Indian Liberal Party
💡 The insight

The Indian Liberal Federation (Indian Liberal Party) was the organisation formed by moderate/liberal leaders who split from the Congress and is the organisation named in the statement.

High-yield for UPSC because it explains the political alternative to the Congress-led mass movement, illuminates the role of moderates in constitutional negotiations, and connects to questions on political groups and their responses to reforms. Mastering this helps answer comparative questions about moderates vs extremists and organizational history.

📚 Reading List :
  • History , class XII (Tamilnadu state board 2024 ed.) > Chapter 4: Advent of Gandhi and Mass Mobilisation > 4.2 Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms > p. 44
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Second Round Table Conference > p. 384
🔗 Anchor: "In the context of the Indian National Movement, did Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru serve ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 Tej Bahadur Sapru as a leading liberal constitutionalist
💡 The insight

Tej Bahadur Sapru is repeatedly identified with the liberal/moderate political grouping and as a participant in high-level constitutional discussions.

Important for UPSC because it situates a key non-Congress leader in the constitutional and negotiation history of the freedom movement (Round Table Conferences, Nehru Committee). Knowing such personalities aids answers on negotiations, committee memberships and alternative political strategies.

📚 Reading List :
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Civil Disobedience Movement the Salt Satyagraha and Other Upsurges > p. 385
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 19: Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences > Second Round Table Conference > p. 384
🔗 Anchor: "In the context of the Indian National Movement, did Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru serve ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S1
👉 All Parties Conference and the Nehru Committee (1928)
💡 The insight

The All Parties Conference set up the Nehru Committee to draft a constitution, and Sapru was a member of that committee.

Essential for questions on constitutional developments before independence — it shows the role of representative committees, the debate over dominion status versus complete independence, and the contributions of non-Congress figures. This links to broader topics like constitutional reform, communal representation and the Nehru Report.

📚 Reading List :
  • Modern India ,Bipin Chandra, History class XII (NCERT 1982 ed.)[Old NCERT] > Chapter 15: Struggle for Swaraj > Boycott of the Simon Commission > p. 284
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 18: Simon Commission and the Nehru Report > Nehru Report > p. 361
🔗 Anchor: "In the context of the Indian National Movement, did Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru serve ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Selection method for Constituent Assembly members
💡 The insight

Members of the Constituent Assembly were chosen by provincial legislatures rather than by universal adult franchise, which determines how membership was constituted.

High-yield: explains the Assembly's representative basis and legitimacy — often tested in questions on the origin and composition of the Constitution. Connects to topics on electoral systems, federal-provincial relations and democratic representation; enables answers about who could become a member and why certain groups were or were not included.

📚 Reading List :
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 12: FRAMING THE CONSTITUTION > 1.1 The making of the Constituent Assembly > p. 318
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 2: Making of the Constitution > The features of the scheme were: > p. 12
🔗 Anchor: "In the context of the Indian National Movement, was K. C. Neogy a member of the ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Congress dominance in the Constituent Assembly
💡 The insight

The Indian National Congress dominated membership and therefore heavily influenced who represented regions and political positions in the Assembly.

High-yield: helps analyse political influence on constitution-making and the role of major parties and leaders; relevant for questions on ideological trends, power dynamics, and how party strength shaped constitutional outcomes.

📚 Reading List :
  • THEMES IN INDIAN HISTORY PART III, History CLASS XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 12: FRAMING THE CONSTITUTION > 1.1 The making of the Constituent Assembly > p. 318
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 2: Making of the Constitution > EXPERTS COMMITTEE OF THE CONGRESS > p. 16
🔗 Anchor: "In the context of the Indian National Movement, was K. C. Neogy a member of the ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S2
👉 Experts Committee appointed by Congress to prepare material
💡 The insight

The Congress appointed an Experts Committee (with named leaders) to prepare material for the Constituent Assembly, showing pre-assembly organisational influence on membership and content.

Moderate-high: useful for questions about preparatory bodies, procedural origins of the Constitution, and contributions of individual leaders; connects to studies of institutional preparations and drafting processes.

📚 Reading List :
  • Indian Polity, M. Laxmikanth(7th ed.) > Chapter 2: Making of the Constitution > EXPERTS COMMITTEE OF THE CONGRESS > p. 16
  • Laxmikanth, M. Indian Polity. 7th ed., McGraw Hill. > Chapter 2: Making of the Constitution > EXPERTS COMMITTEE OF THE CONGRESS > p. 16
🔗 Anchor: "In the context of the Indian National Movement, was K. C. Neogy a member of the ..."
📌 Adjacent topic to master
S3
👉 Communist Party of India — Key leaders
💡 The insight

Understanding names like A.K. Gopalan, S.A. Dange, E.M.S. Namboodiripad, P.C. Joshi and Ajoy Ghosh is central to identifying CPI leadership and its role in the national movement.

High-yield for questions asking to identify or match leaders with organisations or movements; connects to party organisation, parliamentary representation and regional leadership. Mastering this helps answer leader-identification, chronology and role-based MCQs and short-answer questions.

📚 Reading List :
  • Politics in India since Independence, Textbook in political science for Class XII (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 2: Era of One-party Dominance > Congress as social and ideological coalition > p. 37
  • Rajiv Ahir. A Brief History of Modern India (2019 ed.). SPECTRUM. > Chapter 32: The Movement of the Working Class > Late 1920s > p. 588
🔗 Anchor: "In the context of the Indian National Movement, did P. C. Joshi serve as General..."
🌑 The Hidden Trap

K.C. Neogy is most famous not just for the Constituent Assembly, but for being the Chairman of the **First Finance Commission** of India. If you knew your Polity basics, you would know he was a heavyweight eligible for the Assembly.

⚡ Elimination Cheat Code

Anchor on Statement 3 (P.C. Joshi). NCERT Class XII Political Science explicitly lists him as a top CPI leader. If 3 is correct, Options A and B are eliminated. You are left with C (3 only) or D (1, 2, 3). Now, look at Statement 1: Sapru is the *defining* face of the Liberals (Sapru-Jayakar duo). If 1 is true, the answer *must* be D. You didn't even need to know K.C. Neogy.

🔗 Mains Connection

Link P.C. Joshi to **International Relations & World History**: His tenure as Gen Sec (1935-47) coincided with the 'People's War' line where CPI supported the British in WWII due to the USSR alliance. This explains the CPI's isolation during the Quit India Movement.

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With reference to the history of India, consider the following pairs : 1. Aurang - In-charge of treasury of the State 2. Banian - Indian agent of the East India Company 3. Mirasidar - Designated revenue payer to the State Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched ?

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