UPSC Mains 2022 GS1 Q20 — Globalization
Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India. (Answer in 250 words)
Question Decoded — examiner's intent
- Directive verbs
- Elucidate
- Scope keywords
- globalizationnew technologyworld of scarce resourcesspecial reference to India
- Implicit sub-parts
- How does globalization accelerate the dissemination of 'New Tech' (AI, IoT, Green Tech)?
- How does resource scarcity (water, minerals, energy) drive the shift from traditional to technology-intensive globalization?
- Does new technology mitigate or exacerbate global resource inequality?
- Specific Indian context: balancing development (Digital India/PLI) with severe resource constraints.
- Common pitfalls
- Writing a generic essay on the benefits of globalization without linking it to 'scarce resources'.
- Failing to define 'new technology'—it must include Industry 4.0 and green tech, not just the internet.
- Neglecting the 'India' aspect or treating it as a brief post-script rather than a recurring theme.
- Focusing only on environmental resources while ignoring critical industrial resources like rare earth minerals and semiconductors.
- Dimensions required
- Economic (Resource efficiency)Geopolitical (Supply chain sovereignty)Environmental (Circular economy)Social (Digital divide in India)Strategic (Critical minerals and energy security)
- Marks allocation hint
Allocate 50-60 words to the conceptual link between globalization and tech-driven resource management. Devote 120 words to the interplay of tech and scarcity (e.g., precision farming, renewable tech transfer). Use the final 70-80 words specifically for Indian initiatives like the International Solar Alliance or FAME scheme to demonstrate localized application.
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