UPSC Mains 2021 GS3 Q17 — Climate Change COP26
Describe the major outcomes of the 26th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India in this conference ? (Answer in 250 words)
Question Decoded — examiner's intent
- Directive verbs
- DescribeWhat are
- Scope keywords
- 26th session of the Conference of the PartiesUNFCCCmajor outcomescommitments made by India
- Implicit sub-parts
- Evaluation of the Glasgow Climate Pact (Global Goal on Adaptation, Methane Pledge, and Phasing down coal)
- The Five Nectar Elements (Panchamrit) strategy and its quantitative targets
- Shift from 'Phasing out' to 'Phasing down' coal as a diplomatic outcome
- India's demand for Climate Finance (USD 1 trillion) as a prerequisite for commitments
- Common pitfalls
- Confusing COP26 outcomes with COP27 (Sharm el-Sheikh) or COP28 (UAE) agreements like the Loss and Damage Fund
- Failing to mention the specific year (2070) for India's Net Zero target
- Describing only India's commitments while ignoring global outcomes like the finalization of the Paris Rulebook (Article 6)
- Generic writing on climate change without mentioning 'Panchamrit' or the 'LIFE' (Lifestyle for Environment) movement
- Dimensions required
- Environmental PolicyInternational DiplomacyTechnological/Renewable EnergyEconomic (Climate Finance)Strategic (National Interest)
- Marks allocation hint
Devote approximately 100-120 words to global outcomes focusing on the Glasgow Climate Pact and the transition from coal. The remaining 130 words should detail India's 'Panchamrit' pillars and the 2070 Net Zero goal, concluding with India's role as a voice for the Global South regarding climate finance.
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