UPSC Mains 2021 GS3 Q19 — Internal security threats
Analyse the multidimensional challenges posed by external state and non-state actors, to the internal security of India. Also discuss measures required to be taken to combat these threats. (Answer in 250 words)
Question Decoded — examiner's intent
- Directive verbs
- Analysediscuss
- Scope keywords
- multidimensional challengesexternal state and non-state actorsinternal security of Indiameasures required to be takencombat these threats
- Implicit sub-parts
- The blurring lines and nexus between state and non-state actors (e.g., hybrid warfare/state-sponsored terrorism).
- Categorization of threats across different geographies (LWE, North-East, J&K) and domains (Cyber, Maritime).
- Evaluation of existing institutional frameworks and their current inadequacies.
- Specific forward-looking strategies involving technology, diplomacy, and legislative reform.
- Common pitfalls
- Defining actors separately without explaining their 'nexus' or how state actors use non-state actors as proxies.
- Focusing solely on terrorism and ignoring modern challenges like misinformation, drug trafficking, and cyber-warfare.
- Writing a generic 'Internal Security' essay without distinguishing between 'external' origins and 'internal' impacts.
- Suggesting vague measures like 'improve security' instead of specific ones like NATGRID, Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) strengthening, or Comprehensive Integrated Border Management System (CIBMS).
- Dimensions required
- Geopolitical (Proxy wars)Technological (Cyber-warfare and Social Media)Economic (Money laundering and Narco-terror)Legal/Institutional (UAPA, NIA, Intelligence reforms)Diplomatic (International cooperation and FATF)
- Marks allocation hint
Allocate approximately 100-110 words to the 'Analyse' section, ensuring a clear distinction between state-sponsored and non-state threats. Use 100 words for the 'measures' section, focusing on a mix of technology, infrastructure, and policy. Use the remaining 40 words for a crisp introduction and a strategic conclusion that mentions the 'Whole of Government' approach.
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