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The correct answer is Japan. Japan upgraded its defence agency to a full-fledged ministry as part of its bid to enhance its defence posture and equip itself better to address new security challenges. This move came in light of increasing regional threats and changing global security dynamics.
In contrast, Italy, Switzerland, and Poland already have full-fledged defence ministries. Italy`s Ministry of Defense is responsible for military and civil defence matters and managing the Italian armed forces. Similarly, the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports is the Swiss federal department responsible for the Swiss armed forces. Poland`s Ministry of National Defense is manned by the Civil Service Corps. Therefore, options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect because these countries already have established defence ministries.