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The correct answer is option 2: Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India.
Before being appointed as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India, Dr. Urjit Patel was holding the position of Deputy Governor at the Reserve Bank of India. The Deputy Governor is a senior position within the central bank and is responsible for assisting the Governor in formulating and implementing monetary policy, regulating and supervising banks, and maintaining the stability of the financial system.
Although options 1, 3, and 4 might seem plausible, they are not correct in this context. Dr. Urjit Patel has not held the position of Chief Economist at the International Monetary Fund (option 1), Chief Economic Advisor to the Government of India (option 3), or Professor of Economics at Harvard University (option 4) immediately prior to his appointment as the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India.
Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer as Dr. Urjit Patel was Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India before assuming the position of Governor.