Option 1 states that coffee plantation in India requires a warm and moist climate with a spell of dry weather during the ripening period. This statement is correct as coffee plants thrive in tropical climates that provide a combination of warmth and moisture, but they also require a period of drought during the ripening stage to enhance the quality of the coffee beans.
Option 2 states that coffee plantations should be on rolling fields with good drainage. This statement is correct as coffee plants prefer well-drained soil and the rolling fields help in proper drainage, preventing waterlogging which can be detrimental to the growth of the plants.
Option 3 states that strong sunshine over hilly slopes exceeding a temperature of 35°C is necessary for coffee plantation. This statement is incorrect as coffee plants thrive in shade or partial shade, and strong sunshine with high temperatures can be harmful to the plants. The ideal temperature range for coffee cultivation is between 18°C to 28°C.
Option 4 states that Karnataka is the leading producer of coffee in India. This statement is correct as Karnataka accounts for the largest share of coffee production in India, followed by states like Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Karnataka`s favorable climate and suitable soil conditions make it an ideal region for coffee cultivation.
In conclusion, the correct statements are 1