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The correct answer is option 2: Kautilya. Arthasastra is an ancient Indian treatise on politics, economics, and governance, and it is attributed to Kautilya, who is also known as Chanakya. Kautilya was a renowned scholar, philosopher, and advisor to the Mauryan emperor Chandragupta Maurya.
Option 1: Dhanananda is incorrect. Dhanananda was the last ruler of the Nanda dynasty and does not have any direct connection to the writing of the Arthasastra.
Option 3: Bimbisara is incorrect. Bimbisara was a king of the Magadha dynasty but is not associated with the authorship of the Arthasastra.
Option 4: Pushyamitra is incorrect. Pushyamitra was a ruler of the Shunga dynasty, which came after the Mauryan dynasty. He also has no connection to the writing of the Arthasastra.