The correct answer is option 3, Darwin. Mandan materialism, also known as historical materialism, developed from the ideas of Charles Darwin. Darwin`s theory of evolution was a major influence on the development of historical materialism, which is the theory that social and economic conditions drive historical development. According to this theory, economic factors such as class struggle and the ownership of means of production are the main driving forces behind societal change. Darwin`s theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest provided a scientific basis for this materialistic view of history. This theory was further developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who expanded on the idea that material conditions and the struggle between classes shape human history. Therefore, the correct answer is option 3, Darwin.