The correct answer is option 1: Schumpeter. The term "creative destruction" was coined by Joseph Schumpeter, an Austrian economist, in his book "Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy." According to Schumpeter, capitalism is characterized by continuous innovation and change, which leads to the destruction of existing industries and the creation of new ones. He argued that this process of creative destruction is a key driver of economic growth and progress. Schumpeter believed that through entrepreneurial activities and technological advancements, old and inefficient industries are replaced by new and more productive ones, resulting in overall economic development. In contrast, Karl Marx, option 2, focused on the exploitative nature of capitalism and its inevitable collapse. Therefore, the correct answer is option 1: Schumpeter.