The Mediterranean region is known for its climate, which is characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. This means that option 1, winter, is the correct answer. During the winter months, the Mediterranean region experiences heavy rainfall, as warm, moist air from the ocean rises and cools, causing precipitation. This rainfall is crucial for agriculture and supports the growth of diverse plant and animal life in the region. In contrast, during the summer months, the Mediterranean region experiences little to no rainfall, as high pressure systems develop over the area, limiting the formation of clouds and precipitation. This dry period during the summer is often associated with high temperatures and drought conditions. Therefore, the Mediterranean region relies on the heavy winter rainfall to sustain its ecosystems throughout the year.