The correct answer is option 2, Laterite soil. Laterite soil is formed by the process of leaching and oxidation. Leaching refers to the removal of soluble nutrients and minerals from the soil by water passing through it. Oxidation, on the other hand, refers to the reaction of minerals with oxygen in the presence of water. These processes together lead to the formation of laterite soil.

Alert - correct answer should be option 3, Red soil. Red soil, also known as ferric soil, is formed by the process of leaching and oxidation. It is characterized by its reddish color due to the presence of iron oxide. The leaching process removes the nutrients and minerals from the upper layers of the soil, leading to its infertility. The iron oxide content in the soil gives it a reddish appearance.