The correct answer is option 4, which states that the polity of the Harappan people, as derived from the material evidence, was theocratic-unitary.

To understand this, let`s dissect the answer options:

Option 1: Secular-federalist. This option suggests that the Harappan people had a decentralized system with power shared among different regions or groups, based on secular principles. However, there is no concrete evidence to support this claim.

Option 2: Theocratic-federalist. This option implies that the Harappan people had a decentralized system with power shared among different regions or groups, but governed by religious authorities. However, there is no substantial evidence to support this claim either.

Option 3: Oligarchic. This option suggests that the Harappan society was governed by a small group of wealthy elites. While there is some evidence of social stratification within the Harappan civilization, it does not necessarily indicate an oligarchic system of governance.

Option 4: Theocratic-unitary. This option suggests that the Harappan people had a centralized system of governance, with power concentrated in the hands of religious authorities. This is supported by the presence of large, well-planned cities, centralised religious structures