The correct answer is option 2, Parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis is a form of reproduction in which an organism develops from an unfertilized egg. It is commonly observed in certain species of insects, reptiles, and fish. In parthenogenesis, the egg undergoes development without the need for fertilization by a sperm. This process can occur through different mechanisms, such as by the duplication of the egg`s DNA or by the activation of an egg`s developmental program without external input. Parthenogenesis allows for the production of offspring without the involvement of a male individual. It is an adaptation that enables certain organisms to reproduce in the absence of suitable mates or in environments where mates are scarce.