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A farmer in a semi-arid area claims that his farming practice is very environment friendly. Which of the following practices on his farm can justify his claim ? 1. Planting a tree belt. 2. Practising crop rotation. 3. Carrying out a large scale irrigation system. 4. Using organic fertilizers. Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Explanation
In semi-arid regions, planting tree belts (shelterbelts) is a critical environment-friendly practice that reduces wind velocity, prevents soil erosion, and conserves moisture [5]. Practising crop rotation, particularly with leguminous crops, is well-recognized for improving soil fertility and replenishing nutrients without chemical inputs [2]. Using organic fertilizers, such as compost and manure, enhances soil water-holding capacity, improves nutrient cycling, and reduces the negative environmental impacts associated with synthetic fertilizers [1]. Conversely, large-scale irrigation systems in semi-arid areas are often not considered environmentally friendly as they can lead to waterlogging, soil salinity, and the depletion of scarce groundwater resources. Sustainable dryland farming typically emphasizes rainfed practices and moisture-conserving tillage over large-scale irrigation. Therefore, practices 1, 2, and 4 justify the farmer's claim of being environment-friendly.
Sources
- [5] Certificate Physical and Human Geography , GC Leong (Oxford University press 3rd ed.) > Chapter 26: Agriculture > Soil Conservation and Sound Farming Techniques > p. 244
- [2] https://www.fao.org/4/w0312e/w0312e04.htm
- [1] Geography of India ,Majid Husain, (McGrawHill 9th ed.) > Chapter 15: Regional Development and Planning > Desertification and Desert Development Programme > p. 47