The correct answer is option 1: History. Herodotus, a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BCE, is often referred to as the "father of history." He is known for his extensive historical writings, particularly his work called "The Histories." In this book, Herodotus documented and analyzed the events of the Persian Wars and provided valuable insights into the cultures and societies of various ancient civilizations. Herodotus`s approach to history was unique as he sought to understand the causes and motivations behind historical events rather than just recording facts. His work laid the foundation for the modern discipline of history and established the importance of critical analysis and researching primary sources in historical studies.