Statement I : In forensic investigations, DNA fingerprinting tests are carried out. Statement I : In DNA fingerprinting technique, DNA is isolated and subjected to Northern Blotting.

Statement I is true as DNA fingerprinting is a cornerstone of forensic investigations, used to identify individuals from biological samples like blood, hair, or scats [1]. It relies on analyzing unique genetic variations such as Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) and Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) [4]. Statement II is false because the DNA fingerprinting technique involves Southern Blotting, not Northern Blotting [5]. Southern Blotting is specifically designed to detect DNA sequences by transferring DNA fragments from an electrophoresis gel to a membrane for hybridization [5]. In contrast, Northern Blotting is used for the detection of RNA molecules [4]. While modern forensics often uses PCR-based STR profiling, the classical method developed by Alec Jeffreys utilized restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) combined with Southern Blotting to create the characteristic 'barcode' pattern [5].

Sources

1. [1] Environment, Shankar IAS Acedemy .(ed 10th) > Chapter 16: Conservation Efforts > 16.r.3. Estimation of Tiger Populations > p. 229
2. [4] https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1200713/
3. [5] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/dna-polymorphism