Which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. The Marxist theory repudiates the idea of the atomised and alienated individual. 2. Marxism upholds the idea of the natural rights of men and individuals. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Marxist theory fundamentally repudiates the idea of the atomised and alienated individual. Marx’s theory of alienation describes how capitalism estranges people from their work, their human nature ('species-being'), and each other. He argues that the liberal conception of the individual as an isolated, self-interested atom is a product of bourgeois society [2]. Consequently, Marxism critiques the idea of 'natural rights' as a bourgeois liberal ideology [2]. Marx viewed these rights not as eternal truths, but as tools that maintain the 'separation of man from man' and protect private property, which he identified as the root of inequality [2]. Instead of upholding individualistic natural rights, Marxism seeks a social revolution to resolve these conflicts and achieve human emancipation through collective harmony [2]. Therefore, statement 1 is correct as Marxism seeks to overcome alienation, while statement 2 is incorrect as it rejects the liberal framework of natural rights.

Sources

1. [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marx%27s_theory_of_alienation
2. [1] Political Theory, Class XI (NCERT 2025 ed.) > Chapter 3: Equality > Natural and Social Inequalities > p. 43