Which one of the following is the characteristic climate of the Tropical Savannah Region?

The Tropical Savannah region, also known as the Sudan climate or Köppen's Aw/As type, is primarily characterized by a distinct alternation between wet and dry seasons [1]. Unlike the tropical rainforest (Af) which has rainfall throughout the year, the savanna experiences a pronounced dry season, typically during the winter months when the sun is not overhead [3]. This seasonal cycle is driven by the north-south migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), which brings heavy convective rainfall during the warm summer months and drought conditions during the dry period [1]. The dry season is often severe and can last for several months, leading to the development of characteristic grasslands with scattered trees rather than dense forests. This distinct seasonality is the most defining climatic feature of the savanna biome.

Sources

1. [1] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Savanna or Tropical Wet and Dry Climate (Aw: A – Tropical, w – dry winter) > p. 435
2. [2] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification > p. 422
3. [3] Physical Geography by PMF IAS, Manjunath Thamminidi, PMF IAS (1st ed.) > Chapter 30: Climatic Regions > 30.2. A – Tropical Humid Climates > p. 423