The correct answer is option 1 - Lord Cornwallis.

Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793. The Permanent Settlement was a system of land revenue collection introduced by the British East India Company in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha. Under this system, the Company fixed the land revenue to be paid by the zamindars or landlords, who were granted hereditary rights over the land.

Option 2 - Lord Ripon is incorrect as he served as the Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884, which is long after the Permanent Settlement was introduced.

Option 3 - Robert Clive is also incorrect. While he played a significant role in the establishment of British rule in India, the Permanent Settlement was introduced after his time.

Option 4 - John Adam is incorrect. John Adam was a British administrator and politician who served as the acting Governor-General of British India from 1823 to 1825, which is considerably later than when the Permanent Settlement was introduced.

In conclusion, option 1 - Lord Cornwallis is the correct answer as he introduced the Permanent Settlement of Bengal in 1793.