The correct answer is option 2 - Tundra. Tundra is a biome characterized by a very cold and dry climate with low temperatures throughout the year. It is typically found in the high latitudes, near the Arctic Circle, but can also occur at high altitudes in mountainous regions. Tundra regions have permanently frozen ground called permafrost, which prevents the drainage of water and contributes to the dryness of the climate.

Option 1 - Arctic deserts is incorrect because although deserts in the Arctic region may be dry, they do not necessarily have very cold temperatures throughout the year.

Option 3 - Alpine meadows is incorrect because alpine meadows are found at high altitudes in mountainous regions and are usually characterized by a cold climate, but not necessarily excessively dry conditions.

Option 4 - Antarctica is incorrect because while it does have very cold temperatures throughout the year, it is not generally characterized by excessively dry conditions. Antarctica is covered by an ice sheet and experiences significant snowfall and ice accumulation.