Consider the following statements : 1. The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the 'Club of Rome'. 2. The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

States that the SDGs 'were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015', giving a clear adoption date for the SDG framework.

A student can compare the 2015 adoption date with 1972 and infer that 1972 is unlikely to be the proposal year unless earlier documents show continuity.

Also records that the SDGs were 'adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015', reinforcing the 2015 origin.

Combining multiple sources that cite 2015 makes it reasonable to suspect the SDGs were not first proposed in 1972 and to check UN records around 2015.

Summarizes that the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were set in 2000 and that the SDGs 'replaced MDGs' and were 'adopted ... in 2015', providing a timeline of related UN goal-sets.

A student can use this timeline (MDGs 2000 → SDGs 2015) to question any claim that SDGs trace back as far as 1972 and seek primary UN declarations from those years.

Gives the specific origin year (2000) for the MDGs, showing major UN global goal-sets occurred in 2000 and 2015 rather than earlier decades.

Use this to reason that major UN goal-setting moments are clustered around 2000 and 2015, making a 1972 proposal for the SDGs atypical and worth verifying against UN conference outputs.

Notes the 1972 UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm) as the start of decades of environmental governance efforts and links later bodies (UNEA) and discussions to Rio+20 (2012) and the SDGs.

A student could infer that 1972 began environmental governance discussions but that explicit SDG work emerged much later (e.g., Rio+20 and 2012–2015), so they should check whether any 1972 text explicitly proposed 'SDGs' or only broader environmental governance.

Describes the Club of Rome as a 1968-founded think tank and credits its 1972 'Limits to Growth' report with starting the global sustainability movement.

A student could note the Club of Rome's early role in sustainability (1972) and compare that date with when SDGs were formulated/adopted to assess temporal plausibility of direct authorship.

States that the SDGs were adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 as a UN initiative.

A student could infer that because SDGs are a UN Member States adoption, origin likely lies in UN processes rather than solely a private think tank, and check UN fora and timelines.

Notes that SDGs replaced the MDGs and were adopted in 2015, linking SDGs to an evolution of UN-led goals.

One could trace the institutional lineage (MDGs → SDGs) within UN history to test if an external think tank originated the SDG proposal or if it emerged from UN negotiations.

Summarizes that MDGs were set by UN member states in 2000 and that SDGs succeeded them, reinforcing the pattern of UN-created goal-sets.

Use this pattern (UN member states set global goals) to hypothesize that the SDGs were likely developed through UN mechanisms and verify by checking UN preparatory bodies and documents.

Lists the Club of Rome alongside other major sustainability milestones (Brundtland Commission, Earth Summit), suggesting multiple contributors to the sustainability agenda over time.

A student could interpret this as indicating influence (ideas feeding into the broader agenda) rather than direct authorship, and then investigate which bodies formally proposed the SDGs.