GS2 2023 Q17 15 marks 250 words Welfare Schemes

UPSC Mains 2023 GS2 Q17 — Welfare Schemes

“Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. (Answer in 250 words)

Question Decoded — examiner's intent

Directive verbs
Do you agree?Give reasons
Scope keywords
Development and welfare schemesvulnerablediscriminatory in approachby its nature
Implicit sub-parts
  • Explain the philosophical/legal basis of 'Positive Discrimination' or 'Reasonable Classification' in welfare.
  • Arguments for why these schemes are 'discriminatory' (exclusion of others, targeting based on identity).
  • Arguments for why they are not 'discriminatory' but 'equitable' (leveling the playing field, historical injustices).
  • How to ensure these schemes do not lead to permanent dependency or social friction.
Common pitfalls
  • Equating 'discriminatory' with 'negative' instead of explaining 'positive discrimination'.
  • Spending too much time listing specific schemes (MGNREGA, PM-KISAN) without analyzing the 'nature' of the approach.
  • Failing to mention Constitutional safeguards like Article 15(3), 15(4), or 16(4) that legitimize this approach.
  • Taking an extreme stand; failing to balance the need for targeting with the need for universal coverage in certain sectors.
Dimensions required
ConstitutionalSocio-EconomicLegal/JurisprudentialAdministrativeEthical
Marks allocation hint

Dedicate 50 words to defining the concept of positive discrimination and the 'vulnerable' context. Use 100 words to justify the 'discriminatory nature' as a tool for substantive equality. Spend the final 100 words on the challenges of targeting (inclusion/exclusion errors) and the transition from doles to empowerment.

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