UPSC Mains 2021 GS1 Q14 — Physical Geography Mountains
Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples. (Answer in 250 words)
Question Decoded — examiner's intent
- Directive verbs
- Briefly mentionexplain
- Scope keywords
- alignment of major mountain rangesworldimpact on local weather conditionsexamples
- Implicit sub-parts
- What is the orientation (North-South vs East-West) of primary orogenic belts like the Andes, Rockies, Himalayas, and Alps?
- How does the specific direction of these ranges interfere with prevailing wind systems (Westerlies, Monsoons, Trade winds)?
- What are the specific climatic phenomena generated, such as rain-shadow effects, adiabatic heating/cooling, and temperature inversions?
- Common pitfalls
- Focusing only on the Himalayas while ignoring global ranges like the Andes or Great Dividing Range.
- Describing mountain formation (plate tectonics) instead of mountain 'alignment' (orientation).
- Vague climate descriptions without naming specific local winds like Foehn, Chinook, or Mistral.
- Failing to mention the 'leeward' vs 'windward' distinction which is central to the 'impact' part of the question.
- Dimensions required
- Spatial/Geographical orientationClimatological (precipitation and temperature)Aerodynamics (blocking/channeling of winds)Regional Case Studies
- Marks allocation hint
Allocate 4-5 marks for a world map and a concise table/list of mountain alignments. Devote the remaining 10-11 marks to the 'impact' section, ensuring each theoretical impact (like the Orographic effect) is paired with a concrete geographical example such as the Atacama desert or the Indo-Gangetic plains.
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