UPSC Mains 2021 GS1 Q17 — Urbanization IT Industry

• Impact on urban social structures (e.g., family, gender roles, migration patterns).
• Economic shifts in the city ecosystem (e.g., real estate, services sector, income inequality).
• Emerging urban challenges resulting from this specific industrial growth (e.g., digital divide, infrastructure strain).
• The 'dual city' phenomenon where high-tech pockets coexist with urban poverty.

• Focusing only on the national GDP or economic benefits without addressing the 'social' aspect mentioned in the question.
• Ignoring the negative externalities like gentrification, rising cost of living, and the marginalization of traditional livelihoods.
• Treating all cities as a monolith instead of citing specific examples like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, or Pune.
• Writing a generic essay on the IT revolution rather than its specific spatial impact on 'major cities'.

Allocate 50 words to the introduction and the evolution of IT hubs. Devote 100 words to social implications like the rise of the neo-middle class and changing family structures. Spend the remaining 100 words on economic implications including the secondary service economy and the widening wealth gap, concluding with a brief way forward for inclusive urban growth.