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The correct answer is option 1: Kepler. Johannes Kepler, a German astronomer, is credited with proving that the path of each planet around the Sun is an ellipse. This discovery was a significant advancement in the field of astronomy and planetary motion. Kepler formulated three laws of planetary motion, known as Kepler`s laws, to describe the movements of planets. The first law, also known as the Law of Ellipses, states that the path of a planet around the Sun is an ellipse with the Sun at one of its foci. This was a departure from the prevailing belief at the time that planetary orbits were perfect circles. Kepler`s discovery revolutionized our understanding of the solar system and laid the foundation for future advancements in celestial mechanics.