The correct answer is 4) Human habitation.

Soil formation is influenced by several factors, including parent material, topography, climate, organisms, and time. However, human habitation is not considered a soil forming factor.

1) Parent material: Parent material refers to the material from which the soil is derived. It can consist of rocks, minerals, weathered material, or organic matter. The characteristics of the parent material greatly influence the properties of the resulting soil.

2) Topography: Topography refers to the physical features of the land, such as slopes, hills, and valleys. It affects the accumulation and movement of water, which in turn influences soil formation.

3) Climate: Climate plays a crucial role in soil formation. Factors such as temperature, precipitation, and the length of the growing season affect the rates of weathering, erosion, and organic matter decomposition.

4) Human habitation: While human activities can affect soil properties and quality, they are not considered a soil forming factor. Human habitation can lead to soil erosion, contamination, compaction, or alteration of natural vegetation, but it does not play a direct role in the actual formation of soil.

Therefore, option 4 - Human habitation is the correct answer because it is not one