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Option 1: Heating by solar energy does influence ocean currents. Solar energy heats the surface of the ocean, causing the water to expand and rise. This creates a warm, low-density surface layer which leads to the formation of currents.
Option 2: Wind plays a significant role in influencing ocean currents. Wind causes the movement of the surface layer of the ocean, creating surface currents. These surface currents can then affect deeper ocean currents through a process called Ekman transport.
Option 3: Gravitational pull by the Sun and Moon does indeed influence ocean currents. This gravitational force creates tides, which involve the periodic rise and fall of ocean levels. Tidal currents, in turn, can contribute to the overall ocean circulation patterns.
Option 4: The Coriolis force is another factor that influences ocean currents. This force is a result of the rotation of the Earth and causes moving objects, including ocean currents, to be deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The Coriolis force contributes to the formation and direction of ocean currents.
In summary, options 1, 2, and 4 all influence ocean currents, while option 3 – gravitational pull by the Sun and Moon – does indeed influence ocean currents.