Option 1: Chloroplast - Chloroplasts are organelles found only in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, not protein synthesis. Therefore, this option is not the correct answer.

Option 2: Ribosome - Ribosomes are considered the protein factories of the cell. They are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins based on the instructions provided by messenger RNA (mRNA). Ribosomes can be found both floating freely in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. So, option 2 is the correct answer.

Option 3: Golgi bodies - The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins before they are transported to their final destination within or outside the cell. While the Golgi apparatus is involved in protein processing, it is not the central organelle for protein synthesis, so it is not the correct answer.

Option 4: Chromosomes - Chromosomes carry genes made up of DNA, which contain the instructions for protein synthesis. However, chromosomes themselves are not directly involved in the synthesis of proteins. Therefore, option 4 is not the correct answer.

In conclusion, the correct answer is option 2 - Ribosome, as it is essential for protein synthesis in the cell.