Consider the following international agreements : 1. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture 2. The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification 3. The World Heritage Convention Which of the above has/have a bearing on the biodiversity?

The statement concerns the Treaty’s coverage of plant genetic resources and its conservation/use objectives, which are given explicitly in the references.

High-yield for environment/legislation questions: explains what types of resources the treaty targets and why that matters for biodiversity policy. Connects to topics on agro-biodiversity, gene banks, and policy instruments. Prepare by memorising treaty scope, objectives, and examples (e.g., crops covered) and linking to national institutions (e.g., gene banks).

Multiple references state these three goals and the treaty is described as operating 'in harmony' with the CBD, showing direct conceptual overlap.

Core concept for UPSC biodiversity questions: often tested in policy and ethics contexts (access & benefit-sharing, sustainable use). Links international law to national action and treaties (Nagoya, ITPGRFA). Study by mapping objectives to specific agreements and examples of implementation.

The treaty emphasizes fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resource use—a key mechanism linking genetic resources policy to biodiversity outcomes.

Frequently arises in questions on international agreements, biodiversity economics, and rights of countries/communities. Understanding benefit‑sharing clarifies disputes over access, biotech, and conservation incentives. Learn landmark instruments and how benefit‑sharing is operationalised (ABS frameworks).

UNCCD, UNFCCC and CBD are presented as sister conventions with coordinated secretariats, showing institutional links between land, climate and biodiversity issues.

Frequently tested: UPSC asks about international environmental conventions and their interrelationships. Understanding the trio (CBD, UNFCCC, UNCCD) helps answer questions on multilateral environmental governance and cross-cutting impacts. Prepare by memorizing the three conventions, their primary foci, and mechanisms for coordination (e.g., Joint Liaison Group).

The UNCCD specifically addresses desertification, land degradation and drought and links environment to sustainable land management.

High-yield for polity/environment papers: questions often focus on objectives and thematic areas of major conventions. Knowing UNCCD's DLDD mandate aids answers on land policies, sustainable management, and national action programmes. Study official convention summaries and national implementation examples.

Evidence links desertification to irreversible changes in vegetation communities, indicating effects on biodiversity.

Important for environment and ecology topics: linking processes (desertification) to ecological outcomes (loss/alteration of vegetation and species) is commonly asked in mains and interviews. Learn cause–effect chains and mitigation measures (afforestation, watershed management) for application in policy questions.

References state the Convention protects cultural and natural areas and explicitly includes 'biodiversity' among inscribable site types.

High-yield for UPSC as questions often ask which international agreements protect ecological values; links UNESCO's World Heritage regime to biodiversity protection, helping distinguish it from purely cultural treaties. Prepare by memorising scope (cultural vs natural) and examples of biodiversity relevance.